Devices, systems, and methods for an exercise device motor

ABSTRACT

An exercise device includes a motor connected to a drive chain of the exercise device. The motor applies a torque in the direction of an input torque, thereby lowering the input torque applied by the user to rotate the drive chain. The motor is controlled to simulate exercise conditions of a mobile exercise device.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Pat. Application No. 63/332,581, filed on Apr. 19, 2022, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

Exercise is a popular activity to improve one’s physical and/or mental health. Many common activities may be used as exercise, such as walking, running, bicycling, lifting weights, climbing stairs, and so forth. In some situations, a user may use an exercise device to simulate an activity. The exercise device may allow the user to perform an exercise activity from a single location, such as a gym, a user’s home, office, any other location, and combinations thereof. A stationary bicycle may allow a user to simulate riding a mobile bicycle. A cable operated exercise device may allow a user to simulate various free weight exercises and other activities.

BRIEF SUMMARY

In some embodiments, a stationary bicycle includes a support tube, a pedal, and a drive chain connected to the pedal. A 3-phase motor is located in the support tube. The 3-phase motor is directly connected to the drive chain. The stationary bicycle includes a torque sensor and a position sensor connected to the 3-phase motor.

In some embodiments, a method for exercise include applying an input torque to a drive chain. The input torque includes user input. Using a 3-phase motor, a supplemental torque is applied in the same direction as the input torque. The 3-phase motor is directly connected to the drive chain.

In some embodiments, a method for exercise includes, at a first time, applying a supplemental torque to a drive chain using a 3-phase motor. At the first time, user input to apply an input torque is received, causing the drive chain to rotate. The input torque adjusts a motor position of the 3-phase motor. Between the first time and a second time, the supplemental torque is adjusted in a pattern to simulate an exercise condition.

This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in limiting the scope of the claimed subject matter.

Additional features and advantages of embodiments of the disclosure will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of such embodiments. The features and advantages of such embodiments may be realized and obtained by means of the instruments and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. These and other features will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims, or may be learned by the practice of such embodiments as set forth hereinafter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to describe the manner in which the above-recited and other features of the disclosure can be obtained, a more particular description will be rendered by reference to specific implementations thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. For better understanding, the like elements have been designated by like reference numbers throughout the various accompanying figures. While some of the drawings may be schematic or exaggerated representations of concepts, at least some of the drawings may be drawn to scale. Understanding that the drawings depict some example implementations, the implementations will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a representation of an exercise device, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a representation of an exercise device, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a representation of an exercise device, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 is a representation of an exercise device, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 5 is a representation of a cable operated exercise device, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 6 is a representation of a motor chart, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 7 is a representation of an exercise program manager, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 8 is a representation of an input pattern, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 9 is a representation of an input pattern, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 10 is a representation of an input pattern, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 11 is a flowchart of a method for exercise, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 12 is a flowchart of a method for exercise, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 13 is a representation of an exercise device, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 14 is a representation of an exercise device, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure; and

FIG. 15 is a flowchart of method for exercise device, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

This disclosure generally relates to devices, systems, and methods for exercise. An exercise device may include a 3-phase motor directly connected to a drive chain. The 3-phase motor may apply a torque to the drive chain, thereby increasing or decreasing the force felt by a user when operating the drive chain. The 3-phase motor may control the torque on the drive chain so that the force felt by the user simulates exercise conditions, including road conditions, weather conditions, startup inertia, free-weight inertia, and so forth.

In accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the exercise device may include a stationary bicycle or exercise cycle. The 3-phase motor may be directly connected to the drive chain. The 3-phase motor may apply a torque directly to the drive chain. The stationary bicycle may not include a flywheel. Thus, the 3-phase motor may not be a resistance mechanism. The 3-phase motor may apply a supplemental torque directly to the drive chain to adjust an input torque by the user to rotate the pedals. In some embodiments, the 3-phase motor may apply the supplemental torque in the same direction as the input torque. This may reduce the input torque applied by the user. In some embodiments, the 3-phase motor may apply the supplemental torque in the opposite direction as the input torque. This may increase the input torque applied by the user. In this manner, the 3-phase motor may selectively adjust the input torque to simulate the exercise conditions.

In some embodiments, the exercise device may include a cable operated exercise device. A user may pull on a cable of the cable operated exercise device, with resistance to the extension of the cable providing a workout for the user. In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, a 3-phase motor may be connected to the drive element or extension element of the cable operated exercise device. The 3-phase motor may apply a torque in the same direction as the extension torque. This may reduce the extension force to extend the cable, thereby reducing the “weight” or resistance felt by the user. In some embodiments, the 3-phase motor may be used to simulate the inertial properties of a free weight, including increasing and decreasing resistance to extension of the cable based on a position and/or speed of the cable extension.

FIG. 1 is a representation of an exercise device 100, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The exercise device 100 shown is a stationary bicycle. However, it should be understood that the exercise device 100 may be any type of exercise device, such as an elliptical machine. The exercise device includes a base 102 and a support post 104 extending from the base 102.

A seat tube 106 is connected to the base 102 by the support post 104. A seat 108 is connected to the seat tube 106. A user may sit on the seat 108, and the weight of the user may be supported by the seat tube 106. During operation, the user may operate a drive chain 110. The drive chain 110 may include pedals 112 connected to a crank 114. the user may place his or her feet on the pedals 112 and apply a force to them. The force may be transferred from the pedals 112 to the crank 114. The crank 114 may be fixed to a hub 116. The hub 116 may be rotatable about a hub axis 117. As the user applies a force to the pedal 112, the force may cause the crank 114 to apply an input torque to the hub 116 about the hub axis 117. This may cause the hub 116, and the connected crank 114 and pedal 112, to rotate about the hub axis 117. While the user may apply a force to the pedal 112, and the force on the pedal applies a torque to the hub through the crank 114, for ease of explanation, this process may be described herein as the user applying an input torque to the drive chain 110 and/or the hub 116.

The exercise device includes a support tube 118 extending from the support post 104. A console 120 may be connected to an upper end of the support tube 118. The user may interact with the console 120 while performing an exercise activity. For example, the console may display exercise information associated with an exercise activity. Exercise information may include any type of exercise information, including speed, distance, power, pedal cadence, heart rate, calories burned, any other exercise information, and combinations thereof. In some examples, the exercise information may include exercise simulation information, such as a simulated exercise course, progress bars, progress maps, other athletes, and so forth. One or more handles 122 may be attached to the support tube 118. The user may support him or herself with the handles while performing the exercise activity.

In accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the exercise device may include a motor 124. The motor 124 may be connected to the drive chain 110. In some embodiments, the motor 124 may be connected to the drive chain 110 with a connection element 126. The motor 124 may apply a supplemental torque to the drive chain 110. The supplemental torque be applied to the drive chain 110 about the hub axis 117. This may change the input torque that the user may apply to rotate the drive chain.

In some embodiments, the motor 124 may be directly connected to the drive chain 110. For example, the connection element 126 may be directly connected to the hub 116. In some embodiments, the connection element 126 may be a shaft connected to the motor 124 and the hub 116 through one or more gears. In some embodiments, the connection element 126 may be a belt or chain connected to the hub 116 and the motor 124. In some embodiments, the motor 124 may be indirectly connected to the drive chain 110. For example, the connection element 126 may include one or intermediate elements, such as pulleys, wheels, and other intermediate elements.

In accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the motor 124 may have a controllable output torque and/or a controllable output speed. The motor 124 may have a controllable output torque in a first direction and a second direction, opposite the first direction. The motor 124 may have a controllable output speed to match and/or adjust to the pedaled cadence of the user. In some embodiments, the motor 124 may be a 3-phase motor. A 3-phase motor may allow a motor controller to have a fine level of control over the rotational position and/or torque output of the motor. In some embodiments, the motor controller of the 3-phase motor may modulate the frequency of the 3-phase motor to adjust the output torque and/or rotational speed. In some embodiments, the motor controller may include a variable frequency drive (VFD) or other frequency controller. In some embodiments, the motor 124 may include a stepper motor. A stepper motor may allow for a fine level of control over the rotational position of the motor.

The console 120 may include an exercise program manager. The exercise program manager may include memory and software stored in the memory that implements an exercise program. The exercise program may include one or more exercise activities that adjust the input torque to be applied by the user. Adjusting the input torque applied by the user may allow a single user to exercise using varying input torques, and/or allow different users of different levels of fitness to exercise using input torques commensurate with their level of fitness.

In accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the exercise device 100 may simulate exercise conditions using non-stationary exercise equipment, such as a mobile bicycle. For example, the exercise program manager may adjust the supplemental torque applied by the motor 124 on the drive chain 110 in a pattern. The pattern may be adjusted to simulate one or more exercise conditions. For example, when beginning movement of a mobile bicycle, a user overcomes the inertia of the bicycle and the user’s weight at rest. This may result in an initially high input torque that reduces (while in the same gear) as the speed of the mobile bicycle increases. To simulate overcoming the startup inertia of the bicycle and the user, the exercise program manager may have the motor 124 apply a torque to the drive chain 110 that is relatively high at the beginning of the exercise activity and is reduced as the simulated “speed” of the stationary bicycle increases. The exercise program manager may simulate any type of exercise condition, including bumps on a road surface, overcoming obstacles, wind, any other type of exercise condition, and combinations thereof. This may increase the immersion of the user and improve the user experience.

In the embodiment shown, the motor 124 is located in the support tube 118. However, it should be understood that the motor 124 may be located in any location of the exercise device 100 where it will have access to the drive chain 110. For example, the motor 124 may be located in the seat tube 106. In some examples, the motor 124 may be located in the base 102. In some examples, the motor 124 may be located in the support post 104. In some examples, the motor 124 may be located in-line with or next to the hub 116.

FIG. 2 is a representation of an exercise device 200 having a motor 224 in a tube thereof, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The exercise device includes a seat tube 206 supporting a seat 208 and connected to a base 202. A support tube 218 supports a console 220 and is connected to the base 202. A motor 224 is located inside the support tube 218 and directly connected to a drive chain 210. The drive chain 210 includes a hub 216 that is rotated by an input torque from a user applied to a pedal 212 and crank 214. The motor 224 may be connected to the drive chain 210 with a motor connection 226.

In accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the motor 224 may include one or motor sensors. The motor sensors may include a position sensor 228. The position sensor 228 may sense or determine the rotational position of the motor 224 and/or the motor connection 226. The position sensor 228 has a position sensor precision. In some embodiments, the position sensor precision may be in a range having an upper value, a lower value, or upper and lower values including any of 36 measurements per revolution (10°), 72 measurements per revolution (5°), 144 measurements per revolution (2.5°), 180 measurements per revolution (2°), 360 measurements per revolution (1°), 540 measurements per revolution (0.75°), 720 measurements per revolution (0.5°), 1440 measurements per revolution (0.25°) or any value therebetween. For example, the position sensor precision may be greater than 36 measurements per revolution (10°). In another example, the position sensor precision may be less than 1440 measurements per revolution (0.25°). In yet other examples, the position sensor precision may be any value in a range between 36 measurements per revolution (10°) and 1440 measurements per revolution (0.25°). In some embodiments, it may be critical that the position sensor precision is greater than 36 measurements per revolution (10°) to allow the exercise program manager fine control over the position of the motor 224 and/or the motor connection 226, thereby increasing the resolution of changes in the supplied supplemental torque.

In some embodiments, the position sensor 228 may determine the rotational position of the drive chain 210, including the hub 216, the crank 214, and/or the pedal 212. In some embodiments, the position of the drive chain 210 may be determined by the position of the motor 224 because the motor 224 is directly connected to the drive chain 210. In some embodiments, the rotational position of the hub 216 may be directly measured using a hub position sensor.

The motor sensors may further include a torque sensor 230. The torque sensor 230 may determine the supplemental torque applied by the motor 224 to the drive chain 210. In some embodiments, the torque sensor 230 may determine the output torque of the motor 224. In some embodiments, the torque sensor 230 may be located on the output shaft of the motor 224. In some embodiments, the torque sensor 230 may be located on the motor connection 226. The torque sensor 230 may have a torque sensor precision, which may be the minimum interval with which the torque sensor 230 may measure the supplemental torque. In some embodiments, the torque sensor precision may be in a range having an upper value, a lower value, or upper and lower values including any of 0.25 N·m, 0.5 N·m, 1 N·m, 1.5 N·m, 2 N·m, 2.5 N·m, 3 N·m, 3.5 N·m, 4 N·m, 4.5 N·m, 5 N·m, 7.5 N·m, 10 N·m, 15 N·m, 20 N·m, 25 N·m, 30 N·m, 40 N·m, 50 N·m, or any value therebetween. For example, the torque sensor precision may be greater than 0.25 N·m. In another example, the torque sensor precision may be less than 50 N·m. In yet other examples, the torque sensor precision may be any value in a range between 0.25 and 50 N·m. In some embodiments, it may be critical that the torque sensor precision is less than 5 N·m to allow the motor 224 to vary the supplemental torque to simulate exercise conditions.

The exercise program manager may control the motor 224 using the position sensor 228 and/or the torque sensor 230. In some embodiments, the exercise program manager may make fine adjustments to the supplemental torque (e.g., adjustments within the torque sensor precision) over a portion of a rotation of the motor 224 (e.g., adjustments within the position sensor precision). By adjusting the supplemental torque over multiple subsequent portions of a motor rotation, the exercise program manager may generate multiple input torque patterns experienced by the user.

In some embodiments, the exercise program manager may generate input torque patterns that simulate exercise conditions. For example, riding a bicycle outdoors may include many minor variations in input torque based on irregularities in the road, bumps, jumps (e.g., removal of one or both wheels from the ground), wind effects, hills, gear shifts, free-wheel hubs, any other variations, and combinations thereof. A conventional stationary bicycle may not simulate such variations using a resistance element. In accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the motor 224 may simulate the variations in input torque by varying the supplemental torque in a pattern. The simulation may be controlled by monitoring the supplemental torque with the torque sensor 230 over a rotational period with the position sensor 228.

In some embodiments, as discussed in further detail herein, the exercise program manager may adjust the supplemental torque supplied by the motor 224 to simulate inertial forces. Inertia is the resistance to a change in velocity of an object. Thus, inertia is a product of mass and current velocity. Conventionally, a stationary bicycle includes a flywheel, which collects and retains rotational inertia based on its mass and speed. However, overcoming the inertia of the flywheel at rest has a different “feel,” or input torque pattern than overcoming the inertia of a mobile bicycle at rest.

In accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the exercise program manager may adjust the supplemental torque supplied by the motor 224 to simulate the inertia of a mobile bicycle. For example, the exercise program manager may decrease the supplemental torque (or even supply a negative supplemental torque which increases the input torque supplied by the user) when the user is beginning an exercise activity, and then increase the supplemental torque as the user’s “speed,” or simulated speed, increases. The user’s simulated speed may be determined by the rate at which the position sensor 228 measures incremental changes in the position of the motor.

While the present disclosure may discuss simulated startup inertia, it should be understood that the exercise program manager may simulate other types of inertia. For example, the exercise program manager may simulate the inertia experienced when a mobile bicycle reaches the crest or trough of a hill. In some embodiments, the exercise program manager may simulate the inertia of the drive chain 210 of a fixed-wheel bicycle at a particular speed, including the continued rotation of the pedal 212 and crank 214 after the user stops actively applying the input torque. In some embodiments, the exercise program manager may simulate the inertia of a freewheel hub, including the stopping of rotation when the user stops applying the input torque or applies an input torque in the opposite direction.

In some embodiments, the drive chain 210 may include one or more sensors that may determine the input torque supplied by the user. For example, the pedal 212 and/or the crank 214 may include force sensors. Using the sensed force and the distance from the hub rotational axis, the exercise program manager may determine the input torque. In some embodiments, the torque on the hub 216 may be directly measured with a torque sensor.

In some embodiments, the exercise program manager may identify a target input torque for a particular exercise activity. The target input torque may be based on any input torque factors, including the user’s fitness level, a simulated bicycle gear, a simulated incline or decline, a simulated speed, an interval portion, any other input torque factor, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the exercise program manager may receive the applied input torque by the user and adjust the supplemental torque until the applied input torque is equal to the target input torque. In some embodiments, the exercise program manager may calibrate the exercise program for a particular exercise activity or exercise condition by comparing the target input torque with the applied input torque. The exercise program manager may then adjust the supplemental torque in the exercise program based on the difference between the target input torque and the supplemental torque.

In some embodiments, as discussed herein, the exercise program manager may determine the supplemental torque applied by the motor by identifying the resistances in the drive chain 210. For example, the drive chain 210 may include frictional resistances between moving elements, electric generator resistances, and so forth. The exercise program manager may adjust the supplemental torque by determining the difference between the target input torque and the drive chain 210 resistances. The exercise program manager may use this difference to determine the supplemental torque.

FIG. 3 is a representation of an exercise device 300 having a motor 324 connected to a drive chain 310, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The exercise device includes a seat tube 306 supporting a seat 308 and connected to a base 302. A support tube 318 supports a console 320 and is connected to the base 302. A motor 324 is located inside the support tube 318 and directly connected to a drive chain 310. The drive chain 310 includes a hub 316 that is rotated by an input torque from a user applied to a pedal 312 and crank 314. The motor 324 may be connected to the drive chain 310 with a motor connection 326.

The exercise device 300 includes one or more batteries 332. The batteries 332 may provide power to motor 324 of the exercise device 300. In some embodiments, the batteries 332 may provide supplemental or auxiliary power to the motor 324. Some exercise programs may include one or more exercise activities that utilize more power from the motor 324 than other times. For example, an exercise program may include an exercise activity in which the motor 324 may apply a high torque to the drive chain 310, such as when increasing the input torque for the user. This high-intensity torque may exceed the available power supply for the motor 324. The battery 334 may be used to increase the power supplied to the motor 324 for such an exercise activity. Put another way, the battery 334 may provide short-term increases in power to the motor 324 to temporarily increase the output of the motor 324.

In the embodiment shown, the battery 334 is located in the support tube 318. However, it should be understood that the battery 334 may be located in any portion of the exercise device 300, such as the seat tube 306, the base 302, or a support post 304.

In some embodiments, the exercise device 300 may further include a power generator. The power generator may provide power to the various systems of the exercise device 300. For example, the power generator may provide power to the motor 324, the console 320, any lift or tilt mechanisms, any other system, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the power generator may provide charging power for the one or more batteries 334.

FIG. 4 is a representation of an exercise device 400 having a motor 424 connected to a drive chain 410, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The exercise device includes a seat tube 406 supporting a seat 408 and connected to a base 402. A support tube 418 supports a console 420 and is connected to the base 402. A motor 424 is located inside the support tube 418 and directly connected to a drive chain 410. The drive chain 410 includes a hub 416 that is rotated by an input torque from a user applied to a pedal 412 and crank 414. The motor 424 may be connected to the drive chain 410 with a motor connection 426.

The exercise device 400 may include a fan 436 connected to the motor 424. In some embodiments, the fan 436 may be connected to the drive chain 410. As the user rotates the drive chain 410, the user may rotate the fan 436. The fan 436 may provide resistance to the rotation of the drive chain 410.

In some embodiments, the fan 436 may be connected to the motor 424. The motor 424 may cause rotation of the fan 436. For example, the motor 424 may adjust the rotational rate of the fan 436. In some embodiments, the fan 436 may be connected to both the motor 424 and the drive chain 410.

In some embodiments, the fan 436 may be connected to one or more louvers 438.The louvers 438 may be oriented in one or more locations along the support tube 418 and/or the seat tube 406. While the fan 436 is rotating, the exercise program controller may cause the louvers 438 to open, thereby releasing a flow of air 440 generated by the fan 436. The flow of air 440 may be directed in any direction during operation of the exercise device. For example, the flow of air 440 may be directed to the user while the user is operating the exercise device 400.

In some embodiments, the exercise program manager may cause one or more flows of air 440 to be directed to the user in an air flow pattern. In some embodiments, the air flow pattern may simulate one or more exercise conditions. For example, the air flow pattern may blow the flows of air 440 on different portions of the user’s body. This may simulate different wind patterns a user may experience when operating the exercise device outdoors. In some embodiments, the air flow pattern may simulate wind speed and/or wind direction. In some embodiments, the air flow pattern may simulate bicycle speed. In some embodiments, the air flow pattern may simulate a combination of bicycle speed and air speed.

FIG. 5 is a representation of an exercise device 500, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The exercise device 500 shown is a cable operated exercise device. The exercise device 500 includes a housing 542. A motor 524 may be located in the housing 542. One or more extension arms 544 may be connected to the housing 542. A cable 546 connected to a handle 548 may be extend through the extension arms 544 and be connected to the motor 524.

To operate the exercise device 500, a user may pull on the handle 548 to extend the cable 546. The cable 546 may be connected to a winding shaft 550. The winding shaft 550 may be connected to the motor 524. In some embodiments, the winding shaft 550 may be a cylindrical shaft, a wheel, a reel, or other element around which the cable 546 may be coiled or stored. The winding shaft 550 may be connected to a drive shaft of the motor 524. As the user applies an extension force to the cable 546, the cable 546 may apply an input torque to the winding shaft 550.

In accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the motor 524 may apply a supplemental torque to the winding shaft 550. In some embodiments, the motor 524 may apply the supplemental torque to the winding shaft 550 in the same direction as the input torque. This may reduce the input torque, and therefore the minimum extension force, the user may apply to rotate the winding shaft.

The cable 546 is part of a drive chain, which may include all of the pulleys, rotors, redirectors, and other elements that direct the cable 546 from the handle 548 to the motor 524 and the winding shaft 550. The drive chain elements may add resistance to the system, which may increase the minimum extension force the user may apply to extend the cable 546 and unwind the cable 546 from the winding shaft 550. Conventionally, this may provide a lower limit on the “weight” the exercise device 500 may simulate. A user may be unable to perform certain exercise activities with a simulated weight above a threshold, thereby limiting the usefulness of the exercise device 500.

In some embodiments, the minimum extension force may be in a range having an upper value, a lower value, or upper and lower values including any of 0.5 lb. (2.2 N), 1 lb. (4.4 N), 2 lb. (8.9 N), 3 lb. (13 N), 4 lb. (18 N), 5 lb. (22 N), 6 lb. (27 N), 7 lb. (31 N), 8 lb. (36 N), 9 lb. (40 N), 10 lb. (45 N), or any value therebetween. For example, the minimum extension force may be greater than 0.5 lb. (2.2 N). In another example, the minimum extension force may be less than 10 lb. (45 N). In yet other examples, the minimum extension force may be any value in a range between 0.5 lb. (2.2 N) and 10 lb. (45 N). In some embodiments, it may be critical that the minimum extension force is less than 10 lb. (45 N) to increase the usability of the exercise device 500.

As discussed herein, the motor 524 may apply a supplemental torque to the winding shaft 550 in the same direction as the input torque. This may reduce the input torque used to rotate the winding shaft and extend the cable 546. Lowering the input torque may lower the minimum extension force, thereby lowering the minimum simulated weight of the exercise device. As discussed herein, a user may be unable to perform certain exercise activities with too high of a simulated weight. Lowering the minimum simulated weight may allow such users to perform the exercise activities, thereby increasing the accessibility and usability of the exercise device 500 for more users.

While embodiments of the present disclosure discuss applying the supplemental torque in the same direction as the input torque, it should be understood that the motor 524 may apply the supplemental torque in a different direction as the input torque. In this manner, the motor 524 may increase the input torque applied by the user to unwind the cable 546 from the winding shaft 550, thereby increasing the extension force applied by the user to extend the cable 546. In some embodiments, the motor 524 may apply the supplemental torque in such a manner to rotate the winding shaft 550, thereby winding the cable 546 back on the winding shaft 550.

When lifting a free weight, the weight has an associated inertia and/or momentum. Conventional cable operated exercise devices rotate a flywheel based on extension of the cable. While the flywheel has a momentum, the momentum of the flywheel is not the same as the momentum of a free weight. Other conventional cable operated exercise devices use a cable to lift a weight plate on a track. However, the motion of the weight plate is limited to the track of the weight plate. Furthermore, to reduce the footprint of the exercise device, one or more pully systems may reduce the length of path traveled by the weight plate by providing a mechanical advantage while extending how far the handle 548 is pulled.

In some embodiments, an exercise program manager may apply the supplemental torque to the winding shaft 550 in a pattern. The pattern may simulate one or more exercise conditions. For example, the pattern may simulate the inertia or momentum of lifting a free weight. To simulate the momentum or inertia of the simulated weight, the motor 524 may apply the supplemental torque in a pattern that is based on the speed of extension, the position of the user’s hands, the amount of cable extended, any other condition, and combinations thereof. Simulating the inertia, momentum, or motion of a free weight may improve the exercise experience by allowing the user to exercise more muscles in different ways.

FIG. 6 is a representation of a motor chart 652 of a motor (e.g., the motor 124 of FIG. 1 ), according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The motor chart 652 shown has motor power on the x-axis. At zero motor power, shown in the center of the motor chart 652, the motor is applying neither a positive or a negative torque. With a positive motor power (e.g., to the right of the zero power line), the motor is applying a positive torque. With a negative motor power (e.g., to the left of the zero power line), the motor is applying a negative torque. A positive torque may be associated with a torque in the forward direction, as discussed below, while a negative torque may be associated with a torque in the negative direction.

The motor chart 652 has direction on the y-axis. At zero or a neutral position, shown in the center of the motor chart 652, the drive chain is not rotating in a forward or a rearward direction. With a positive direction (e.g., above the neutral position line), the drive chain is rotating in a first direction. With a negative direction (e.g., below the neutral position line), the drive chain is rotating in a second direction. It should be understood that the forward direction, as applied to a bicycle, may be the pedaling direction in which pedaling drives the bicycle in a forward direction, while the rearward direction is the direction in which pedaling drives the bicycle in a rearward direction or the user may freewheel pedal backward. The forward direction as applied to a cable operated exercise device may be the direction that extends the cable. The rearward direction may be the direction that retracts the cable.

The motor chart 652 may be divided into four quadrants. In quadrant 1, forward rotation of the drive chain is coupled with a negative torque, resulting in a resistance to rotation (often described as a braking force). In quadrant 2, forward rotation of the drive chain is coupled with a positive torque, resulting in an assist to rotation. In quadrant 3, rearward rotation of the drive chain is coupled with a negative torque, resulting in an assist to rotation. In quadrant 4, rearward rotation of the drive chain is coupled with a positive torque, resulting in a resistance to rotation.

Conventionally, exercise devices operate in either quadrant 1 or quadrant 4. For example, a conventional exercise device includes a flywheel with a brake. The braking power may resist rotation, thereby applying a torque to the drive chain that is opposite the input torque. But conventional exercise devices do not operate in quadrant 2 or quadrant 3. Specifically, conventional exercise devices do not provide a torque in the same direction as the input torque because the conventional exercise device adds resistance to strengthen muscles, rather than reduce resistance. Some mobile electric bicycles do operate in quadrant 2 by applying a torque in the same direction as the user. However, the motor in an electric bicycle does not operate in any other quadrant; mobile bicycles add resistance with gear chains.

As discussed herein, exercise devices of the present disclosure operate in quadrant 1, quadrant 2, quadrant 3, and quadrant 4 of the motor chart 652. The motors of the present disclosure may selectively assist or resist rotation of the drive chain in either direction to simulate various exercise conditions. For example, on a stationary bicycle, an exercise program manager may simulate climbing, cresting, and going down a hill. When climbing the hill, the motor may increase the resistance to forward rotation of the exercise device, thereby operating in quadrant 1. As the user crests the hill, the motor may reduce the torque in the rearward direction. In some embodiments, as the user returns downhill, the motor may apply a torque in the forward direction, simulating the increased pedaling cadence associated with high downhill speeds, thereby operating in quadrant 2. In some embodiments, a user may pedal backward on a downhill ride to rest while moving their legs in a different direction. The motor may apply a negative torque while the user moves their legs in a negative direction, thereby operating in quadrant 3. In some embodiments, the exercise device may simulate a fixed gear bicycle, applying a positive torque while the user pedals in the rearward direction, thereby operating in quadrant 4. Thus, the exercise device of the present disclosure operates in all four quadrants.

A cable operated exercise device may operate in both quadrant 1 and quadrant 2. For example, to simulate a light weight, the exercise device may provide a positive supplemental torque associated with a positive input torque, thereby operating in quadrant 2. To simulate a heavier weight, the exercise device may provide a negative supplemental torque associated with a positive input torque, thereby operating in quadrant 1.

FIG. 7 is a representation of an exercise program manager 754, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Each of the components of the exercise program manager 754 can include software, hardware, or both. For example, the components can include one or more instructions stored on a computer-readable storage medium and executable by processors of one or more computing devices, such as a client device or server device. When executed by the one or more processors, the computer-executable instructions of the exercise program manager 754 can cause the computing device(s) to perform the methods described herein. Alternatively, the components can include hardware, such as a special-purpose processing device to perform a certain function or group of functions. Alternatively, the components of the exercise program manager 754 can include a combination of computer-executable instructions and hardware.

Furthermore, the components of the exercise program manager 754 may, for example, be implemented as one or more operating systems, as one or more stand-alone applications, as one or more modules of an application, as one or more plug-ins, as one or more library functions or functions that may be called by other applications, and/or as a cloud-computing model. Thus, the components may be implemented as a stand-alone application, such as a desktop or mobile application. Furthermore, the components may be implemented as one or more web-based applications hosted on a remote server. The components may also be implemented in a suite of mobile device applications or “apps.”

As discussed herein, the exercise program manager 754 may control operation of one or more components of an exercise device. For example, the exercise program manager 754 may include a motor controller 755. The motor controller 755 may control the operation of a motor connected to a drive chain of an exercise device. The motor controller 755 may be any type of motor controller, such as a variable frequency drive (VFD) or other motor controller.

The exercise program manager 754 may implement an exercise program 756. The exercise program 756 may include a pattern of input torques for the user to apply to the drive chain. The pattern of input torques may simulate one or more exercise conditions. For example, as discussed herein, the pattern of input torques may simulate an outdoor mobile bicycle ride, including various hills, declines, bumps, wind, and so forth that a user may encounter. The exercise program manager 754 may operate the motor controller 755 to control the supplemental torque applied by the motor to the drive chain. This may modify the input torque. The exercise program manager 754 may operate the motor controller 755 to control the supplemental torque such that the input torque follows the pattern of input torques.

To execute the exercise program 756, the exercise program manager 754 may receive input from one or more sensors 757. The sensors 757 may provide input of various motor and exercise device states. A position sensor 728 may provide input regarding the rotational position of the motor. A torque sensor 730 may provide input regarding the torque applied by the motor. An input force sensor 758 may provide information regarding the input force and/or the input torque applied by the user to the drive chain. Using the information provided by the sensors 757, the exercise program manager 754 may operate the motor controller 755 to adjust the motor input to have the input torque more closely match the exercise program 756.

FIG. 8 is a representation of an input pattern 859 for a user on a drive chain, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The input pattern 859 shows force on the vertical axis (e.g., y-axis) and speed on the horizontal axis (e.g., x-axis). A force line 860 may be a representation of the input force (or input torque) a user may apply to the drive chain.

The input pattern 859 shows the input of a user to overcome the momentum or inertia of an exercise device (e.g., a mobile bicycle or a free weight) at rest. As may be seen, the force line 860 shows that, starting from a speed of zero, the initial input force is high. As the “speed” or simulated speed increases, the resistance may decrease. This input pattern 859 may simulate a startup inertia. For example, accelerating a mobile bicycle while remaining in the same gear may follow a force line 860 as shown.

In accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, an exercise program manager may adjust the supplemental torque applied to a drive chain by a motor so that the user’s input torque follows the force line 860. This may help to more accurately simulate the startup inertia of a mobile bicycle, thereby improving the realism of an exercise program.

FIG. 9 is a representation of an input pattern 959 for a user on a drive chain, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The input pattern 959 shows force on the vertical axis (e.g., y-axis) and time on the horizontal axis (e.g., x-axis). An input force line 962 may be a representation of the input force (or input torque) a user may apply to the drive chain over time. A minimum force line 963 may be a representation of the minimum input force that may be applied to move the drive chain.

In the embodiment shown, the input force line 962 is entirely below the minimum force line 963. This indicates that, according to the exercise pattern displayed, the user input force (or input torque, as used herein) may below the minimum input torque at any given time. Without a supplemental torque applied to the drive chain by the motor, the user may not be able to rotate the drive chain.

In accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the motor may apply a supplemental torque to make up the difference between the user’s input force and the minimum input force. For example, the user may apply the force below the input force line and the motor may apply the force above the input force line 962 until the total force equals the minimum input torque at the minimum force line 963. The motor may vary the supplemental torque in the pattern shown to allow the user to operate the exercise device with forces of less than the minimum input force.

FIG. 10 is a representation of an input pattern 1059 for a user on a drive chain, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The input pattern 1059 shows force on the vertical axis (e.g., y-axis) and time on the horizontal axis (e.g., x-axis). An input force line 1062 may be a representation of the input force (or input torque) a user may apply to the drive chain over time. A minimum force line 1063 may be a representation of the minimum input force that may be applied to move the drive chain.

In the embodiment shown, the input force line 1062 is located partially below and partially above the minimum force line 1063. When the input force line 1062 is located below the minimum force line 1063, the motor may apply a supplemental torque to the drive chain in the same direction as the input torque to lower the input torque applied to rotate the drive chain. When the input force line 1062 is located above the minimum force line 1063, the motor may apply a supplemental torque to the drive chain in the opposite direction as the input torque to increase the input torque applied by the user.

As may be seen, the motor may change between a supplemental torque in the same direction as the input torque and in the opposite direction as the input torque. By varying the supplemental torque, the exercise program manager may vary the input torque to simulate various exercise conditions, thereby improving the exercise experience.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart of a method 1164 for exercise, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The method 1164 may include applying an input torque to a drive chain at 1165. The input torque may be applied using user input, such as pedaling a bicycle pedal or extending a cable. Using a 3-phase motor, a supplemental torque may be applied to the drive chain at 1166. The supplemental torque may be applied in the same direction as the input torque. The 3-phase motor may be directly connected to the drive chain.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart of a method 1267 for exercise, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The method 1267 includes applying a supplemental torque to a drive chain at a first time 1268. The supplemental torque may be applied to the drive chain using a 3-phase motor. At the first time, a user input is received to apply an input torque to the drive chain at 1269. The combination of the input torque and the supplemental torque may cause the drive chain to rotate. The input torque may change or adjust a motor position of the 3-phase motor at 1270. Between the first time and a second time, the supplemental torque may be adjusted in a pattern to simulate an exercise condition.

In some embodiments, the method 1267 may include measuring the motor position of the motor. Adjusting the supplemental torque in the pattern includes adjusting the supplemental torque based on the measured motor position. Using the measured position of the motor may allow the exercise program controller to control the supplemental torque in a pattern that simulates exercise conditions.

FIG. 13 is a representation of an exercise device 1371 having multiple flywheels 1372, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The exercise device 1371 includes a seat tube 1306 supporting a seat 1308 and connected to a base 1302. A support tube 1318 supports a console 1320 and is connected to the base 1302. A plurality of flywheels (collectively 1372) are located inside the support tube 1318 and connected to a drive chain 1310. The drive chain 1310 includes a hub 1316 that is rotated by an input torque from a user applied to a pedal 1312 and crank 1314. The motor 1324 may be connected to the drive chain 1310 with a motor connection 1326.

The hub 1316 may be connected to a first flywheel 1372-1 with a first drive element 1373-1, such as a belt or a chain. Rotation of the first drive element 1373-1 may cause the first flywheel 1372-1 to rotate. The first flywheel 1372-1 may be connected to a second flywheel 1372-2 with a second drive element 1373-2. As the first flywheel 1372-1 rotates, the first flywheel 1372-1 may rotate the second drive element 1373-2, which may rotate the second flywheel 1372-2. In this manner, rotation of the drive chain 1310 by pedaling the pedals 1312 may rotate both the first flywheel 1372-1 and the second flywheel 1372-2.

The first flywheel 1372-1 and the second flywheel 1372-2 may store rotational energy from the user applying the input torque to the drive chain 1310. The storage of rotational energy is often described in terms of angular momentum. Angular momentum is determined based on an angular mass and an angular velocity of a rotating object. Conventional flywheels on an exercise device utilize a relatively high angular mass, or a relatively high weight and diameter of the flywheel. In this manner, the flywheel may be rotated relatively slower to maintain the angular momentum of the system.

In accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, an exercise device 1371 may include multiple relatively small flywheels 1372. The small flywheels may have a relatively low mass, but may rotate at a relatively high rotational rate. By increasing the rotational rate and decreasing the mass, the multiple flywheels 1372 may develop and maintain an operating angular momentum for the exercise device 1371.

In some embodiments, the first drive element 1373-1 may be connected to the hub 1316 and a first intermediate gear 1374-1. As the user rotates the drive chain 1310 by rotating the pedal 1312, the hub 1316 may rotate the first drive element 1373-1. The first drive element 1373-1 may rotate the first intermediate gear 1374-1. The first intermediate gear 1374-1 may be rotationally connected to the first flywheel 1372-1. In this manner, as the first drive element 1373-1 rotates the first intermediate gear 1374-1, the first intermediate gear 1374-1 may rotate the first flywheel 1372-1.

In some embodiments, a second drive element 1373-2 may be connected to the first flywheel 1372-1 and a second intermediate gear 1374-2. As the first flywheel 1372-1 is rotated, the second drive element 1373-2 may be rotated, thereby rotating the second intermediate gear 1374-2. The second intermediate gear 1374-2 may be rotationally connected to the second flywheel 1372-2. In this manner, as the second drive element 1373-2 rotates the second intermediate gear 1374-2, the second intermediate gear 1374-2 may rotate the second flywheel 1372-2.

In some embodiments, the first flywheel 1372-1 may rotate at the same rotational rate as the hub 1316. In some embodiments, the first flywheel 1372-1 may rotate at a different rotational rate as the hub 1316. In some embodiments, the hub 1316 may be connected to the first flywheel 1372-1 with a first gear ratio (e.g., first flywheel rotational speed (FF) to hub rotational speed (HRS), FF:HRS). For example, the first drive element 1373-1 may be rotationally connected to the hub 1316 with a larger diameter than the first intermediate gear 1374-1. In this manner, the first flywheel 1372-1 may rotate with a higher rotational rate than the hub 1316.

In some embodiments, the first gear ratio may be in a range having an upper value, a lower value, or upper and lower values including any of 1.5:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 10:1, 15:1, 20:1, 25:1, 30:1, 40:1, 50:1, 100:1, or any value therebetween. For example, the first gear ratio may be greater than 1.5:1. In another example, the first gear ratio may be less than 100:1. In yet other examples, the first gear ratio may be any value in a range between 1.5:1 and 100:1. In some embodiments, it may be critical that the first gear ratio is greater than 5:1 to increase the velocity of the first flywheel 1372-1 to increase its angular momentum.

In some embodiments, the first gear ratio may be a gear ratio between the hub 1316 and the first intermediate gear 1374-1. In some embodiments, the first gear ratio may be a gear ratio between the hub 1316 and the first flywheel 1372-1. In some embodiments, the first intermediate gear 1374-1 may be connected to the first flywheel 1372-1 with a first intermediate gear ratio. Put another way, the first intermediate gear 1374-1 may be connected to the first flywheel 1372-1 with a connection such that the first flywheel rotates with a different rotational rate than the first intermediate gear 1374-1. In some embodiments, the first flywheel 1372-1 may rotate with a faster rotational rate than the first intermediate gear 1374-1. This may further help to increase the rotational rate of the first flywheel 1372-1 relative to the hub 1316.

In some embodiments, the first intermediate gear ratio may be in a range having an upper value, a lower value, or upper and lower values including any of 1.5:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 10:1, 15:1, 20:1, 25:1, 30:1, 40:1, 50:1, 100:1, or any value therebetween. For example, the first intermediate gear ratio may be greater than 1.5:1. In another example, the first intermediate gear ratio may be less than 100:1. In yet other examples, the first intermediate gear ratio may be any value in a range between 1.5:1 and 100:1. In some embodiments, it may be critical that the first intermediate gear ratio is greater than 5:1 to increase the velocity of the first flywheel 1372-1 to increase its angular momentum.

In some embodiments, the second flywheel 1372-2 may rotate at the same rotational rate as the hub 1316 and/or the first flywheel 1372-1. In some embodiments, the second flywheel 1372-2 may rotate at a different rotational rate as the hub 1316 and/or the first flywheel 1372-1. In some embodiments, the first flywheel 1372-1 may be connected to the second flywheel 1372-2 with a second gear ratio (e.g., first flywheel rotational speed (SF) to first flywheel rotational speed (FF), SF:FF). For example, the second drive element 1373-2 may be rotationally connected to the first flywheel 1372-1 with a larger diameter than the second intermediate gear 1374-2. In this manner, the second flywheel 1372-2 may rotate with a higher rotational rate than the hub 1316 and/or the first flywheel 1372-1.

In some embodiments, the second gear ratio may be in a range having an upper value, a lower value, or upper and lower values including any of 1.5:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 10:1, 15:1, 20:1, 25:1, 30:1, 40:1, 50:1, 100:1, or any value therebetween. For example, the second gear ratio may be greater than 1.5:1. In another example, the second gear ratio may be less than 100:1. In yet other examples, the second gear ratio may be any value in a range between 1.5:1 and 100:1. In some embodiments, it may be critical that the second gear ratio is greater than 5:1 to increase the velocity of the second flywheel 1372-2 to increase its angular momentum.

In some embodiments, the second gear ratio may be a gear ratio between the first flywheel 1372-1 and the second intermediate gear 1374-2. In some embodiments, the second gear ratio may be a gear ratio between the first flywheel 1372-1 and the second flywheel 1372-2. In some embodiments, the second intermediate gear 1374-2 may be connected to the second flywheel 1372-2 with a second intermediate gear ratio. Put another way, the second intermediate gear 1374-2 may be connected to the second flywheel 1372-2 with a connection such that the second flywheel 1372-2 rotates with a different rotational rate than the second intermediate gear 1374-2. In some embodiments, the second flywheel 1372-2 may rotate with a faster rotational rate than the second intermediate gear 1374-2. This may further help to increase the rotational rate of the second flywheel 1372-1 relative to the hub 1316 and/or the first flywheel 1372-1.

In some embodiments, the second intermediate gear ratio may be in a range having an upper value, a lower value, or upper and lower values including any of 1.5:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 10:1, 15:1, 20:1, 25:1, 30:1, 40:1, 50:1, 100:1, or any value therebetween. For example, the second intermediate gear ratio may be greater than 1.5:1. In another example, the first intermediate gear ratio may be less than 100:1. In yet other examples, the second intermediate gear ratio may be any value in a range between 1.5:1 and 100:1. In some embodiments, it may be critical that the second intermediate gear ratio is greater than 5:1 to increase the velocity of the second flywheel 1372-2 to increase its angular momentum.

The drive chain 1310 has a total gear ratio from the hub 1316 to the second flywheel 1372-2. The total gear ratio may be the difference in rotational velocity between the hub 1316 and the second flywheel 1372-2 (e.g., the second flywheel rotational speed (SF) to the hub rotational speed (HRS); SF:HRSS). In some embodiments, the total gear ratio may be in a range having an upper value, a lower value, or upper and lower values including any of 25:1, 50:1, 100:1, 150:1, 200:1, 250:1, 300:1, 350:1, 400:1, 450:1, 500:1, 600:1, 700:1, 800:1, 900:1, 1,000:1, or any value therebetween. For example, the total gear ratio may be greater than 25:1. In another example, the total gear ratio may be less than 1,000:1. In yet other examples, the total gear ratio may be any value in a range between 25:1 and 1,000:1. In some embodiments, it may be critical that the total gear ratio is greater than 500:1 to increase the velocity of the second flywheel 1372-2 to increase its angular momentum.

In some embodiments, the second flywheel 1372-2 has a maximum rotational speed. The maximum rotational speed may be related to the angular momentum of the drive chain 1310. Increasing the maximum rotational speed, the angular momentum of the system may be increased. In some embodiments, the maximum rotational speed may be in a range having an upper value, a lower value, or upper and lower values including any of 1,000 RPM, 2,500 RPM, 5,000 RPM,500 RPM, 10,000 RPM, 15,000 RPM, 20,000 RPM, 25,000 RPM, 30,000 RPM, 35,000 RPM, 40,000 RPM, 45,000 RPM, 50,000 RPM, 60,000 RPM, 70,000 RPM, 80,000 RPM, 90,000 RPM, 100,000 RPM, or any value therebetween. For example, the maximum rotational speed may be greater than 1,000 RPM. In another example, the maximum rotational speed may be less than 100,000 RPM. In yet other examples, the maximum rotational speed may be any value in a range between 1,000 RPM and 100,000 RPM. In some embodiments, it may be critical that the maximum rotational speed is greater than 50,000 RMP to maintain an operating angular momentum.

In some embodiments, the first flywheel 1372-1 and/or the second flywheel 1372-2 have a flywheel diameter. In some embodiments, the flywheel diameter may be in a range having an upper value, a lower value, or upper and lower values including any of 1 in. (2.5 cm), 2 in. (5.1 cm), 3 in. (7.6 cm), 4 in. (10.2 cm), 5 in. (12.7 cm), 6 in. (15.2 cm), 7 in. (17.8 cm), 8 in. (20.3 cm), 9 in. (22.9 cm), 10 in. (25.4 cm), 11 in. (27.9 cm), 12 in. (30.5 cm), 15 in. (38.1 cm), 18 in. (45.7 cm), or any value therebetween. For example, the flywheel diameter may be greater than 1 in. (2.5 cm). In another example, the flywheel diameter may be less than 18 in. (45.7 cm). In yet other examples, the flywheel diameter may be any value in a range between 1 in. and 18 in. (45.7 cm). In some embodiments, it may be critical that the flywheel diameter is less than 12 in. to fit inside the support tube 1318.

In some embodiments, the exercise device 1371 may include a resistance mechanism. The resistance mechanism may apply resistance to rotation to one or both of the first flywheel 1372-1 or the second flywheel 1372-2. The resistance may be applied to the flywheels 1372 to increase the force a user may apply to the pedal 1312 to rotate the drive chain 1310. The resistance may be applied in a pattern according to an exercise program to vary the force the user may apply to the pedal 1312 and/or the drive chain 1310. The resistance mechanism may be any tope of resistance mechanism, including a friction-based resistance mechanism, a brake, a magnetic resistance mechanism, a fluid-based resistance mechanism, any other resistance mechanism, and combinations thereof.

FIG. 14 is a representation of an exercise device 1471 having multiple flywheels 1472, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The exercise device 1471 includes a seat tube 1406 supporting a seat 1408 and connected to a base 1402. A support tube 1418 supports a console 1420 and is connected to the base 1402. A plurality of flywheels (collectively 1472) are located inside the support tube 1418 and connected to a drive chain 1410. The drive chain 1410 includes a hub 1416 that is rotated by an input torque from a user applied to a pedal 1412 and crank 1414. The motor 1424 may be connected to the drive chain 1410 with a motor connection 1426.

As may be seen in FIG. 14 , the exercise device 1471 may include more than two flywheels 1472. For example, the exercise device 1471 includes a first flywheel 1472-1, a second flywheel 1472-2, and a third flywheel 1472-3. The flywheels 1472 may be connected by multiple drive elements (collectively 1474). For example, the hub 1416 may be connected to the first flywheel 1472-1 with a first drive element 1474-1, the first flywheel 1472-1 may be connected to the second flywheel 1472-2 with a second drive element 1474-2, and the second flywheel 1472-2 may be connected to the third flywheel with a third drive element 1474-3. Each of the flywheels 1472 may be connected to the next with a gear ratio, causing subsequent flywheels 1472 in the drive chain 1410 to rotate faster than earlier flywheels 1472 in the drive chain 1410. This may allow for additional angular momentum to be stored in the drive chain. In some embodiments, additional flywheels 1472 may allow for the maximum flywheel speed to be achieved with lower gear ratios between adjacent flywheels.

FIG. 15 is a flowchart of a method 1576 for exercise, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The method 1576 may include receiving an input torque at an exercise device at 1578. In some embodiments, the input torque may be applied at a drive gear. In some embodiments, the input torque may be a torque applied by a pedal and crank connected to a drive gear on a drive chain, such as from an electric bicycle. In some embodiments, the input torque may be applied by the extension of a cable on a cable operated exercise device.

The method 1576 includes transferring the input torque from the drive gear to a first flywheel at 1570. The first flywheel may be located in a support tube of an exercise device. For example, the first flywheel may have a small diameter and located in a support tube of the exercise device. The input torque that was transferred to the first flywheel may be transferred to a second flywheel at 1582. The second flywheel may be located in the support tube.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

This disclosure generally relates to devices, systems, and methods for exercise. An exercise device may include a 3-phase motor directly connected to a drive chain. The 3-phase motor may apply a torque to the drive chain, thereby increasing or decreasing the force felt by a user when operating the drive chain. The 3-phase motor may control the torque on the drive chain so that the force felt by the user simulates exercise conditions, including road conditions, weather conditions, startup inertia, free-weight inertia, and so forth.

In accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the exercise device may include a stationary bicycle or exercise cycle. The 3-phase motor may be directly connected to the drive chain. The 3-phase motor may apply a torque directly to the drive chain. The stationary bicycle may not include a flywheel. Thus, the 3-phase motor may not be a resistance mechanism. The 3-phase motor may apply a supplemental torque directly to the drive chain to adjust an input torque by the user to rotate the pedals. In some embodiments, the 3-phase motor may apply the supplemental torque in the same direction as the input torque. This may reduce the input torque applied by the user. In some embodiments, the 3-phase motor may apply the supplemental torque in the opposite direction as the input torque. This may increase the input torque applied by the user. In this manner, the 3-phase motor may selectively adjust the input torque to simulate the exercise conditions.

In some embodiments, the exercise device may include a cable operated exercise device. A user may pull on a cable of the cable operated exercise device, with resistance to the extension of the cable providing a workout for the user. In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, a 3-phase motor may be connected to the drive element or extension element of the cable operated exercise device. The 3-phase motor may apply a torque in the same direction as the extension torque. This may reduce the extension force to extend the cable, thereby reducing the “weight” or resistance felt by the user. In some embodiments, the 3-phase motor may be used to simulate the inertial properties of a free weight, including increasing and decreasing resistance to extension of the cable based on a position and/or speed of the cable extension.

In some embodiments, an exercise device may be a stationary bicycle. However, it should be understood that the exercise devices discussed herein may be any type of exercise device, such as an elliptical machine. The exercise device includes a base and a support post extending from the base.

A seat tube is connected to the base by the support post. A seat is connected to the seat tube. A user may sit on the seat, and the weight of the user may be supported by the seat tube. During operation, the user may operate a drive chain. The drive chain may include pedals connected to a crank, the user may place his or her feet on the pedals and apply a force to them. The force may be transferred from the pedals to the crank. The crank may be fixed to a hub. The hub may be rotatable about a hub axis. As the user applies a force to the pedal, the force may cause the crank to apply an input torque to the hub about the hub axis. This may cause the hub, and the connected crank and pedal, to rotate about the hub axis. While the user may apply a force to the pedal, and the force on the pedal applies a torque to the hub through the crank, for ease of explanation, this process may be described herein as the user applying an input torque to the drive chain and/or the hub.

The exercise device includes a support tube extending from the support post. A console may be connected to an upper end of the support tube. The user may interact with the console while performing an exercise activity. For example, the console may display exercise information associated with an exercise activity. Exercise information may include any type of exercise information, including speed, distance, power, pedal cadence, heart rate, calories burned, any other exercise information, and combinations thereof. In some examples, the exercise information may include exercise simulation information, such as a simulated exercise course, progress bars, progress maps, other athletes, and so forth. One or more handles may be attached to the support tube. The user may support him or herself with the handles while performing the exercise activity.

In accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the exercise device may include a motor. The motor may be connected to the drive chain. In some embodiments, the motor may be connected to the drive chain with a connection element. The motor may apply a supplemental torque to the drive chain. The supplemental torque be applied to the drive chain about the hub axis. This may change the input torque that the user may apply to rotate the drive chain.

In some embodiments, the motor may be directly connected to the drive chain. For example, the connection element may be directly connected to the hub. In some embodiments, the connection element may be a shaft connected to the motor and the hub through one or more gears. In some embodiments, the connection element may be a belt or chain connected to the hub and the motor. In some embodiments, the motor may be indirectly connected to the drive chain. For example, the connection element may include one or intermediate elements, such as pulleys, wheels, and other intermediate elements.

In accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the motor may have a controllable output torque and/or a controllable output speed. The motor may have a controllable output torque in a first direction and a second direction, opposite the first direction. The motor may have a controllable output speed to match and/or adjust to the pedaled cadence of the user. In some embodiments, the motor may be a 3-phase motor. A 3-phase motor may allow a motor controller to have a fine level of control over the rotational position and/or torque output of the motor. In some embodiments, the motor controller of the 3-phase motor may modulate the frequency of the 3-phase motor to adjust the output torque and/or rotational speed. In some embodiments, the motor controller may include a variable frequency drive (VFD) or other frequency controller. In some embodiments, the motor may include a stepper motor. A stepper motor may allow for a fine level of control over the rotational position of the motor.

The console may include an exercise program manager. The exercise program manager may include memory and software stored in the memory that implements an exercise program. The exercise program may include one or more exercise activities that adjust the input torque to be applied by the user. Adjusting the input torque applied by the user may allow a single user to exercise using varying input torques, and/or allow different users of different levels of fitness to exercise using input torques commensurate with their level of fitness.

In accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the exercise device may simulate exercise conditions using non-stationary exercise equipment, such as a mobile bicycle. For example, the exercise program manager may adjust the supplemental torque applied by the motor on the drive chain in a pattern. The pattern may be adjusted to simulate one or more exercise conditions. For example, when beginning movement of a mobile bicycle, a user overcomes the inertia of the bicycle and the user’s weight at rest. This may result in an initially high input torque that reduces (while in the same gear) as the speed of the mobile bicycle increases. To simulate overcoming the startup inertia of the bicycle and the user, the exercise program manager may have the motor apply a torque to the drive chain that is relatively high at the beginning of the exercise activity and is reduced as the simulated “speed” of the stationary bicycle increases. The exercise program manager may simulate any type of exercise condition, including bumps on a road surface, overcoming obstacles, wind, any other type of exercise condition, and combinations thereof. This may increase the immersion of the user and improve the user experience.

In the embodiment shown, the motor is located in the support tube. However, it should be understood that the motor may be located in any location of the exercise device where it will have access to the drive chain. For example, the motor may be located in the seat tube. In some examples, the motor may be located in the base. In some examples, the motor may be located in the support post. In some examples, the motor may be located in-line with or next to the hub.

In some embodiments, an exercise device has a motor in a tube thereof, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The exercise device includes a seat tube supporting a seat and connected to a base. A support tube supports a console and is connected to the base. A motor is located inside the support tube and directly connected to a drive chain. The drive chain includes a hub that is rotated by an input torque from a user applied to a pedal and crank. The motor may be connected to the drive chain with a motor connection.

In accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the motor may include one or motor sensors. The motor sensors may include a position sensor. The position sensor may sense or determine the rotational position of the motor and/or the motor connection. The position sensor has a position sensor precision. In some embodiments, the position sensor precision may be in a range having an upper value, a lower value, or upper and lower values including any of 36 measurements per revolution (10°), 72 measurements per revolution (5°), 144 measurements per revolution (2.5°), 180 measurements per revolution (2°), 360 measurements per revolution (1°), 540 measurements per revolution (0.75°), 720 measurements per revolution (0.5°), 1440 measurements per revolution (0.25°) or any value therebetween. For example, the position sensor precision may be greater than 36 measurements per revolution (10°). In another example, the position sensor precision may be less than 1440 measurements per revolution (0.25°). In yet other examples, the position sensor precision may be any value in a range between 36 measurements per revolution (10°) and 1440 measurements per revolution (0.25°). In some embodiments, it may be critical that the position sensor precision is greater than 36 measurements per revolution (10°) to allow the exercise program manager fine control over the position of the motor and/or the motor connection, thereby increasing the resolution of changes in the supplied supplemental torque.

In some embodiments, the position sensor may determine the rotational position of the drive chain, including the hub, the crank, and/or the pedal. In some embodiments, the position of the drive chain may be determined by the position of the motor because the motor is directly connected to the drive chain. In some embodiments, the rotational position of the hub may be directly measured using a hub position sensor.

The motor sensors may further include a torque sensor. The torque sensor may determine the supplemental torque applied by the motor to the drive chain. In some embodiments, the torque sensor may determine the output torque of the motor. In some embodiments, the torque sensor may be located on the output shaft of the motor. In some embodiments, the torque sensor may be located on the motor connection. The torque sensor may have a torque sensor precision, which may be the minimum interval with which the torque sensor may measure the supplemental torque. In some embodiments, the torque sensor precision may be in a range having an upper value, a lower value, or upper and lower values including any of 0.25 N·m, 0.5 N·m, 1 N·m, 1.5 N·m, 2 N·m, 2.5 N·m, 3 N·m, 3.5 N·m, 4 N·m, 4.5 N·m, 5 N·m, 7.5 N·m, 10 N·m, 15 N·m, 20 N·m, 25 N·m, 30 N·m, 40 N·m, 50 N·m, or any value therebetween. For example, the torque sensor precision may be greater than 0.25 N·m. In another example, the torque sensor precision may be less than 50 N·m. In yet other examples, the torque sensor precision may be any value in a range between 0.25 and 50 N·m. In some embodiments, it may be critical that the torque sensor precision is less than 5 N·m to allow the motor to vary the supplemental torque to simulate exercise conditions.

The exercise program manager may control the motor using the position sensor and/or the torque sensor. In some embodiments, the exercise program manager may make fine adjustments to the supplemental torque (e.g., adjustments within the torque sensor precision) over a portion of a rotation of the motor (e.g., adjustments within the position sensor precision). By adjusting the supplemental torque over multiple subsequent portions of a motor rotation, the exercise program manager may generate multiple input torque patterns experienced by the user.

In some embodiments, the exercise program manager may generate input torque patterns that simulate exercise conditions. For example, riding a bicycle outdoors may include many minor variations in input torque based on irregularities in the road, bumps, jumps (e.g., removal of one or both wheels from the ground), wind effects, hills, gear shifts, free-wheel hubs, any other variations, and combinations thereof. A conventional stationary bicycle may not simulate such variations using a resistance element. In accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the motor may simulate the variations in input torque by varying the supplemental torque in a pattern. The simulation may be controlled by monitoring the supplemental torque with the torque sensor over a rotational period with the position sensor.

In some embodiments, as discussed in further detail herein, the exercise program manager may adjust the supplemental torque supplied by the motor to simulate inertial forces. Inertia is the resistance to a change in velocity of an object. Thus, inertia is a product of mass and current velocity. Conventionally, a stationary bicycle includes a flywheel, which collects and retains rotational inertia based on its mass and speed. However, overcoming the inertia of the flywheel at rest has a different “feel,” or input torque pattern than overcoming the inertia of a mobile bicycle at rest.

In accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the exercise program manager may adjust the supplemental torque supplied by the motor to simulate the inertia of a mobile bicycle. For example, the exercise program manager may decrease the supplemental torque (or even supply a negative supplemental torque which increases the input torque supplied by the user) when the user is beginning an exercise activity, and then increase the supplemental torque as the user’s “speed,” or simulated speed, increases. The user’s simulated speed may be determined by the rate at which the position sensor measures incremental changes in the position of the motor.

While the present disclosure may discuss simulated startup inertia, it should be understood that the exercise program manager may simulate other types of inertia. For example, the exercise program manager may simulate the inertia experienced when a mobile bicycle reaches the crest or trough of a hill. In some embodiments, the exercise program manager may simulate the inertia of the drive chain of a fixed-wheel bicycle at a particular speed, including the continued rotation of the pedal and crank after the user stops actively applying the input torque. In some embodiments, the exercise program manager may simulate the inertia of a freewheel hub, including the stopping of rotation when the user stops applying the input torque or applies an input torque in the opposite direction.

In some embodiments, the drive chain may include one or more sensors that may determine the input torque supplied by the user. For example, the pedal and/or the crank may include force sensors. Using the sensed force and the distance from the hub rotational axis, the exercise program manager may determine the input torque. In some embodiments, the torque on the hub may be directly measured with a torque sensor.

In some embodiments, the exercise program manager may identify a target input torque for a particular exercise activity. The target input torque may be based on any input torque factors, including the user’s fitness level, a simulated bicycle gear, a simulated incline or decline, a simulated speed, an interval portion, any other input torque factor, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the exercise program manager may receive the applied input torque by the user and adjust the supplemental torque until the applied input torque is equal to the target input torque. In some embodiments, the exercise program manager may calibrate the exercise program for a particular exercise activity or exercise condition by comparing the target input torque with the applied input torque. The exercise program manager may then adjust the supplemental torque in the exercise program based on the difference between the target input torque and the supplemental torque.

In some embodiments, as discussed herein, the exercise program manager may determine the supplemental torque applied by the motor by identifying the resistances in the drive chain. For example, the drive chain may include frictional resistances between moving elements, electric generator resistances, and so forth. The exercise program manager may adjust the supplemental torque by determining the difference between the target input torque and the drive chain resistances. The exercise program manager may use this difference to determine the supplemental torque.

In some embodiments, an exercise device has a motor connected to a drive chain, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The exercise device includes a seat tube supporting a seat and connected to a base. A support tube supports a console and is connected to the base. A motor is located inside the support tube and directly connected to a drive chain. The drive chain includes a hub that is rotated by an input torque from a user applied to a pedal and crank. The motor may be connected to the drive chain with a motor connection.

The exercise device includes one or more batteries. The batteries may provide power to motor of the exercise device. In some embodiments, the batteries may provide supplemental or auxiliary power to the motor. Some exercise programs may include one or more exercise activities that utilize more power from the motor than other times. For example, an exercise program may include an exercise activity in which the motor may apply a high torque to the drive chain, such as when increasing the input torque for the user. This high-intensity torque may exceed the available power supply for the motor. The battery may be used to increase the power supplied to the motor for such an exercise activity. Put another way, the battery may provide short-term increases in power to the motor to temporarily increase the output of the motor.

In the embodiment shown, the battery is located in the support tube. However, it should be understood that the battery may be located in any portion of the exercise device, such as the seat tube, the base, or a support post.

In some embodiments, the exercise device may further include a power generator. The power generator may provide power to the various systems of the exercise device. For example, the power generator may provide power to the motor, the console, any lift or tilt mechanisms, any other system, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the power generator may provide charging power for the one or more batteries.

In some embodiments, an exercise device has a motor connected to a drive chain, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The exercise device includes a seat tube supporting a seat and connected to a base. A support tube supports a console and is connected to the base. A motor is located inside the support tube and directly connected to a drive chain. The drive chain includes a hub that is rotated by an input torque from a user applied to a pedal and crank. The motor may be connected to the drive chain with a motor connection.

The exercise device may include a fan connected to the motor. In some embodiments, the fan may be connected to the drive chain. As the user rotates the drive chain, the user may rotate the fan. The fan may provide resistance to the rotation of the drive chain.

In some embodiments, the fan may be connected to the motor. The motor may cause rotation of the fan. For example, the motor may adjust the rotational rate of the fan. In some embodiments, the fan may be connected to both the motor and the drive chain.

In some embodiments, the fan may be connected to one or more louvers. The louvers may be oriented in one or more locations along the support tube and/or the seat tube. While the fan is rotating, the exercise program controller may cause the louvers to open, thereby releasing a flow of air generated by the fan. The flow of air may be directed in any direction during operation of the exercise device. For example, the flow of air may be directed to the user while the user is operating the exercise device.

In some embodiments, the exercise program manager may cause one or more flows of air to be directed to the user in an air flow pattern. In some embodiments, the air flow pattern may simulate one or more exercise conditions. For example, the air flow pattern may blow the flows of air on different portions of the user’s body. This may simulate different wind patterns a user may experience when operating the exercise device outdoors. In some embodiments, the air flow pattern may simulate wind speed and/or wind direction. In some embodiments, the air flow pattern may simulate bicycle speed. In some embodiments, the air flow pattern may simulate a combination of bicycle speed and air speed.

In some embodiments, an exercise device includes a cable operated exercise device. The exercise device includes a housing. A motor may be located in the housing. One or more extension arms may be connected to the housing. A cable connected to a handle may be extend through the extension arms and be connected to the motor.

To operate the exercise device, a user may pull on the handle to extend the cable. The cable may be connected to a winding shaft. The winding shaft may be connected to the motor. In some embodiments, the winding shaft may be a cylindrical shaft, a wheel, a reel, or other element around which the cable may be coiled or stored. The winding shaft may be connected to a drive shaft of the motor. As the user applies an extension force to the cable, the cable may apply an input torque to the winding shaft.

In accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the motor may apply a supplemental torque to the winding shaft. In some embodiments, the motor may apply the supplemental torque to the winding shaft in the same direction as the input torque. This may reduce the input torque, and therefore the minimum extension force, the user may apply to rotate the winding shaft.

The cable is part of a drive chain, which may include all of the pulleys, rotors, redirectors, and other elements that direct the cable from the handle to the motor and the winding shaft. The drive chain elements may add resistance to the system, which may increase the minimum extension force the user may apply to extend the cable and unwind the cable from the winding shaft. Conventionally, this may provide a lower limit on the “weight” the exercise device may simulate. A user may be unable to perform certain exercise activities with a simulated weight above a threshold, thereby limiting the usefulness of the exercise device.

As discussed herein, the motor may apply a supplemental torque to the winding shaft in the same direction as the input torque. This may reduce the input torque used to rotate the winding shaft and extend the cable. Lowering the input torque may lower the minimum extension force, thereby lowering the minimum simulated weight of the exercise device. As discussed herein, a user may be unable to perform certain exercise activities with too high of a simulated weight. Lowering the minimum simulated weight may allow such users to perform the exercise activities, thereby increasing the accessibility and usability of the exercise device for more users.

While embodiments of the present disclosure discuss applying the supplemental torque in the same direction as the input torque, it should be understood that the motor may apply the supplemental torque in a different direction as the input torque. In this manner, the motor may increase the input torque applied by the user to unwind the cable from the winding shaft, thereby increasing the extension force applied by the user to extend the cable. In some embodiments, the motor may apply the supplemental torque in such a manner to rotate the winding shaft, thereby winding the cable back on the winding shaft.

When lifting a free weight, the weight has an associated inertia and/or momentum. Conventional cable operated exercise devices rotate a flywheel based on extension of the cable. While the flywheel has a momentum, the momentum of the flywheel is not the same as the momentum of a free weight. Other conventional cable operated exercise devices use a cable to lift a weight plate on a track. However, the motion of the weight plate is limited to the track of the weight plate. Furthermore, to reduce the footprint of the exercise device, one or more pully systems may reduce the length of path traveled by the weight plate by providing a mechanical advantage while extending how far the handle is pulled.

In some embodiments, an exercise program manager may apply the supplemental torque to the winding shaft in a pattern. The pattern may simulate one or more exercise conditions. For example, the pattern may simulate the inertia or momentum of lifting a free weight. To simulate the momentum or inertia of the simulated weight, the motor may apply the supplemental torque in a pattern that is based on the speed of extension, the position of the user’s hands, the amount of cable extended, any other condition, and combinations thereof. Simulating the inertia, momentum, or motion of a free weight may improve the exercise experience by allowing the user to exercise more muscles in different ways.

In some embodiments, a motor chart of a motor has motor power on the x-axis. At zero motor power, shown in the center of the motor chart, the motor is applying neither a positive or a negative torque. With a positive motor power (e.g., to the right of the zero power line), the motor is applying a positive torque. With a negative motor power (e.g., to the left of the zero power line), the motor is applying a negative torque. A positive torque may be associated with a torque in the forward direction, as discussed below, while a negative torque may be associated with a torque in the negative direction.

The motor chart has direction on the y-axis. At zero or a neutral position, shown in the center of the motor chart, the drive chain is not rotating in a forward or a rearward direction. With a positive direction (e.g., above the neutral position line), the drive chain is rotating in a first direction. With a negative direction (e.g., below the neutral position line), the drive chain is rotating in a second direction. It should be understood that the forward direction, as applied to a bicycle, may be the pedaling direction in which pedaling drives the bicycle in a forward direction, while the rearward direction is the direction in which pedaling drives the bicycle in a rearward direction or the user may freewheel pedal backward. The forward direction as applied to a cable operated exercise device may be the direction that extends the cable. The rearward direction may be the direction that retracts the cable.

The motor chart may be divided into four quadrants. In quadrant 1, forward rotation of the drive chain is coupled with a negative torque, resulting in a resistance to rotation (often described as a braking force). In quadrant 2, forward rotation of the drive chain is coupled with a positive torque, resulting in an assist to rotation. In quadrant 3, rearward rotation of the drive chain is coupled with a negative torque, resulting in an assist to rotation. In quadrant 4, rearward rotation of the drive chain is coupled with a positive torque, resulting in a resistance to rotation.

Conventionally, exercise devices operate in either quadrant 1 or quadrant 4. For example, a conventional exercise device includes a flywheel with a brake. The braking power may resist rotation, thereby applying a torque to the drive chain that is opposite the input torque. But conventional exercise devices do not operate in quadrant 2 or quadrant 3. Specifically, conventional exercise devices do not provide a torque in the same direction as the input torque because the conventional exercise device adds resistance to strengthen muscles, rather than reduce resistance. Some mobile electric bicycles do operate in quadrant 2 by applying a torque in the same direction as the user. However, the motor in an electric bicycle does not operate in any other quadrant; mobile bicycles add resistance with gear chains.

As discussed herein, exercise devices of the present disclosure operate in quadrant 1, quadrant 2, quadrant 3, and quadrant 4 of the motor chart 652. The motors of the present disclosure may selectively assist or resist rotation of the drive chain in either direction to simulate various exercise conditions. For example, on a stationary bicycle, an exercise program manager may simulate climbing, cresting, and going down a hill. When climbing the hill, the motor may increase the resistance to forward rotation of the exercise device, thereby operating in quadrant 1. As the user crests the hill, the motor may reduce the torque in the rearward direction. In some embodiments, as the user returns downhill, the motor may apply a torque in the forward direction, simulating the increased pedaling cadence associated with high downhill speeds, thereby operating in quadrant 2. In some embodiments, a user may pedal backward on a downhill ride to rest while moving their legs in a different direction. The motor may apply a negative torque while the user moves their legs in a negative direction, thereby operating in quadrant 3. In some embodiments, the exercise device may simulate a fixed gear bicycle, applying a positive torque while the user pedals in the rearward direction, thereby operating in quadrant 4. Thus, the exercise device of the present disclosure operates in all four quadrants.

A cable operated exercise device may operate in both quadrant 1 and quadrant 2. For example, to simulate a light weight, the exercise device may provide a positive supplemental torque associated with a positive input torque, thereby operating in quadrant 2. To simulate a heavier weight, the exercise device may provide a negative supplemental torque associated with a positive input torque, thereby operating in quadrant 1.

In some embodiments, components of the exercise program manager can include software, hardware, or both. For example, the components can include one or more instructions stored on a computer-readable storage medium and executable by processors of one or more computing devices, such as a client device or server device. When executed by the one or more processors, the computer-executable instructions of the exercise program manager can cause the computing device(s) to perform the methods described herein. Alternatively, the components can include hardware, such as a special-purpose processing device to perform a certain function or group of functions. Alternatively, the components of the exercise program manager can include a combination of computer-executable instructions and hardware.

Furthermore, the components of the exercise program manager may, for example, be implemented as one or more operating systems, as one or more stand-alone applications, as one or more modules of an application, as one or more plug-ins, as one or more library functions or functions that may be called by other applications, and/or as a cloud-computing model. Thus, the components may be implemented as a stand-alone application, such as a desktop or mobile application. Furthermore, the components may be implemented as one or more web-based applications hosted on a remote server. The components may also be implemented in a suite of mobile device applications or “apps.”

As discussed herein, the exercise program manager may control operation of one or more components of an exercise device. For example, the exercise program manager may include a motor controller. The motor controller may control the operation of a motor connected to a drive chain of an exercise device. The motor controller may be any type of motor controller, such as a variable frequency drive (VFD) or other motor controller.

The exercise program manager may implement an exercise program. The exercise program may include a pattern of input torques for the user to apply to the drive chain. The pattern of input torques may simulate one or more exercise conditions. For example, as discussed herein, the pattern of input torques may simulate an outdoor mobile bicycle ride, including various hills, declines, bumps, wind, and so forth that a user may encounter. The exercise program manager may operate the motor controller to control the supplemental torque applied by the motor to the drive chain. This may modify the input torque. The exercise program manager may operate the motor controller to control the supplemental torque such that the input torque follows the pattern of input torques.

To execute the exercise program, the exercise program manager may receive input from one or more sensors. The sensors may provide input of various motor and exercise device states. A position sensor may provide input regarding the rotational position of the motor. A torque sensor may provide input regarding the torque applied by the motor. An input force sensor may provide information regarding the input force and/or the input torque applied by the user to the drive chain. Using the information provided by the sensors, the exercise program manager may operate the motor controller to adjust the motor input to have the input torque more closely match the exercise program.

An input pattern may have force on the vertical axis (e.g., y-axis) and speed on the horizontal axis (e.g., x-axis). A force line may be a representation of the input force (or input torque) a user may apply to the drive chain.

The input pattern shows the input of a user to overcome the momentum or inertia of an exercise device (e.g., a mobile bicycle or a free weight) at rest. As may be seen, the force line shows that, starting from a speed of zero, the initial input force is high. As the “speed” or simulated speed increases, the resistance may decrease. This input pattern may simulate a startup inertia. For example, accelerating a mobile bicycle while remaining in the same gear may follow a force line as shown.

In accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, an exercise program manager may adjust the supplemental torque applied to a drive chain by a motor so that the user’s input torque follows the force line. This may help to more accurately simulate the startup inertia of a mobile bicycle, thereby improving the realism of an exercise program.

In some embodiments, an input pattern may have force on the vertical axis (e.g., y-axis) and time on the horizontal axis (e.g., x-axis). An input force line may be a representation of the input force (or input torque) a user may apply to the drive chain over time. A minimum force line may be a representation of the minimum input force that may be applied to move the drive chain.

In some embodiments, the input force line may be entirely below the minimum force line. This indicates that, according to the exercise pattern displayed, the user input force (or input torque, as used herein) may below the minimum input torque at any given time. Without a supplemental torque applied to the drive chain by the motor, the user may not be able to rotate the drive chain.

In accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the motor may apply a supplemental torque to make up the difference between the user’s input force and the minimum input force. For example, the user may apply the force below the input force line and the motor may apply the force above the input force line until the total force equals the minimum input torque at the minimum force line 963. The motor may vary the supplemental torque in the pattern shown to allow the user to operate the exercise device with forces of less than the minimum input force.

In some embodiments, an input pattern may have force on the vertical axis (e.g., y-axis) and time on the horizontal axis (e.g., x-axis). An input force line may be a representation of the input force (or input torque) a user may apply to the drive chain over time. A minimum force line may be a representation of the minimum input force that may be applied to move the drive chain.

In some embodiments, an input force line may be located partially below and partially above the minimum force line. When the input force line is located below the minimum force line, the motor may apply a supplemental torque to the drive chain in the same direction as the input torque to lower the input torque applied to rotate the drive chain. When the input force line is located above the minimum force line, the motor may apply a supplemental torque to the drive chain in the opposite direction as the input torque to increase the input torque applied by the user.

As may be seen, the motor may change between a supplemental torque in the same direction as the input torque and in the opposite direction as the input torque. By varying the supplemental torque, the exercise program manager may vary the input torque to simulate various exercise conditions, thereby improving the exercise experience.

In some embodiments, a method for exercise may include applying an input torque to a drive chain at. The input torque may be applied using user input, such as pedaling a bicycle pedal or extending a cable. Using a 3-phase motor, a supplemental torque may be applied to the drive chain. The supplemental torque may be applied in the same direction as the input torque. The 3-phase motor may be directly connected to the drive chain.

In some embodiments, a method for exercise may include applying a supplemental torque to a drive chain at a first time. The supplemental torque may be applied to the drive chain using a 3-phase motor. At the first time, a user input is received to apply an input torque to the drive chain. The combination of the input torque and the supplemental torque may cause the drive chain to rotate. The input torque may change or adjust a motor position of the 3-phase motor. Between the first time and a second time, the supplemental torque may be adjusted in a pattern to simulate an exercise condition.

In some embodiments, the method may include measuring the motor position of the motor. Adjusting the supplemental torque in the pattern includes adjusting the supplemental torque based on the measured motor position. Using the measured position of the motor may allow the exercise program controller to control the supplemental torque in a pattern that simulates exercise conditions.

In some embodiments, an exercise device has multiple flywheels, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The exercise device includes a seat tube supporting a seat and connected to a base. A support tube supports a console and is connected to the base. A plurality of flywheels are located inside the support tube and connected to a drive chain. The drive chain includes a hub that is rotated by an input torque from a user applied to a pedal and crank. The motor may be connected to the drive chain with a motor connection.

The hub may be connected to a first flywheel with a first drive element, such as a belt or a chain. Rotation of the first drive element may cause the first flywheel to rotate. The first flywheel may be connected to a second flywheel with a second drive element. As the first flywheel rotates, the first flywheel may rotate the second drive element, which may rotate the second flywheel. In this manner, rotation of the drive chain by pedaling the pedals may rotate both the first flywheel and the second flywheel.

The first flywheel and the second flywheel may store rotational energy from the user applying the input torque to the drive chain. The storage of rotational energy is often described in terms of angular momentum. Angular momentum is determined based on an angular mass and an angular velocity of a rotating object. Conventional flywheels on an exercise device utilize a relatively high angular mass, or a relatively high weight and diameter of the flywheel. In this manner, the flywheel may be rotated relatively slower to maintain the angular momentum of the system.

In accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, an exercise device may include multiple relatively small flywheels. The small flywheels may have a relatively low mass, but may rotate at a relatively high rotational rate. By increasing the rotational rate and decreasing the mass, the multiple flywheels may develop and maintain an operating angular momentum for the exercise device.

In some embodiments, the first drive element may be connected to the hub and a first intermediate gear. As the user rotates the drive chain by rotating the pedal, the hub may rotate the first drive element. The first drive element may rotate the first intermediate gear. The first intermediate gear may be rotationally connected to the first flywheel. In this manner, as the first drive element rotates the first intermediate gear, the first intermediate gear may rotate the first flywheel.

In some embodiments, a second drive element may be connected to the first flywheel and a second intermediate gear. As the first flywheel is rotated, the second drive element may be rotated, thereby rotating the second intermediate gear. The second intermediate gear may be rotationally connected to the second flywheel. In this manner, as the second drive element rotates the second intermediate gear, the second intermediate gear may rotate the second flywheel.

In some embodiments, the first flywheel may rotate at the same rotational rate as the hub. In some embodiments, the first flywheel may rotate at a different rotational rate as the hub. In some embodiments, the hub may be connected to the first flywheel with a first gear ratio (e.g., first flywheel rotational speed (FF) to hub rotational speed (HRS), FF:HRS). For example, the first drive element may be rotationally connected to the hub with a larger diameter than the first intermediate gear. In this manner, the first flywheel may rotate with a higher rotational rate than the hub.

In some embodiments, the first gear ratio may be in a range having an upper value, a lower value, or upper and lower values including any of 1.5:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 10:1, 15:1, 20:1, 25:1, 30:1, 40:1, 50:1, 100:1, or any value therebetween. For example, the first gear ratio may be greater than 1.5:1. In another example, the first gear ratio may be less than 100:1. In yet other examples, the first gear ratio may be any value in a range between 1.5:1 and 100:1. In some embodiments, it may be critical that the first gear ratio is greater than 5:1 to increase the velocity of the first flywheel to increase its angular momentum.

In some embodiments, the first gear ratio may be a gear ratio between the hub and the first intermediate gear. In some embodiments, the first gear ratio may be a gear ratio between the hub and the first flywheel. In some embodiments, the first intermediate gear may be connected to the first flywheel with a first intermediate gear ratio. Put another way, the first intermediate gear may be connected to the first flywheel with a connection such that the first flywheel rotates with a different rotational rate than the first intermediate gear. In some embodiments, the first flywheel may rotate with a faster rotational rate than the first intermediate gear. This may further help to increase the rotational rate of the first flywheel relative to the hub.

In some embodiments, the first intermediate gear ratio may be in a range having an upper value, a lower value, or upper and lower values including any of 1.5:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 10:1, 15:1, 20:1, 25:1, 30:1, 40:1, 50:1, 100:1, or any value therebetween. For example, the first intermediate gear ratio may be greater than 1.5:1. In another example, the first intermediate gear ratio may be less than 100:1. In yet other examples, the first intermediate gear ratio may be any value in a range between 1.5:1 and 100:1. In some embodiments, it may be critical that the first intermediate gear ratio is greater than 5:1 to increase the velocity of the first flywheel to increase its angular momentum.

In some embodiments, the second flywheel may rotate at the same rotational rate as the hub and/or the first flywheel. In some embodiments, the second flywheel may rotate at a different rotational rate as the hub and/or the first flywheel. In some embodiments, the first flywheel may be connected to the second flywheel with a second gear ratio (e.g., first flywheel rotational speed (SF) to first flywheel rotational speed (FF), SF:FF). For example, the second drive element may be rotationally connected to the first flywheel with a larger diameter than the second intermediate gear. In this manner, the second flywheel may rotate with a higher rotational rate than the hub and/or the first flywheel.

In some embodiments, the second gear ratio may be in a range having an upper value, a lower value, or upper and lower values including any of 1.5:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 10:1, 15:1, 20:1, 25:1, 30:1, 40:1, 50:1, 100:1, or any value therebetween. For example, the second gear ratio may be greater than 1.5:1. In another example, the second gear ratio may be less than 100:1. In yet other examples, the second gear ratio may be any value in a range between 1.5:1 and 100:1. In some embodiments, it may be critical that the second gear ratio is greater than 5:1 to increase the velocity of the second flywheel to increase its angular momentum.

In some embodiments, the second gear ratio may be a gear ratio between the first flywheel and the second intermediate gear. In some embodiments, the second gear ratio may be a gear ratio between the first flywheel and the second flywheel. In some embodiments, the second intermediate gear may be connected to the second flywheel with a second intermediate gear ratio. Put another way, the second intermediate gear may be connected to the second flywheel with a connection such that the second flywheel rotates with a different rotational rate than the second intermediate gear. In some embodiments, the second flywheel may rotate with a faster rotational rate than the second intermediate gear. This may further help to increase the rotational rate of the second flywheel relative to the hub and/or the first flywheel.

In some embodiments, the second intermediate gear ratio may be in a range having an upper value, a lower value, or upper and lower values including any of 1.5:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 10:1, 15:1, 20:1, 25:1, 30:1, 40:1, 50:1, 100:1, or any value therebetween. For example, the second intermediate gear ratio may be greater than 1.5:1. In another example, the first intermediate gear ratio may be less than 100:1. In yet other examples, the second intermediate gear ratio may be any value in a range between 1.5:1 and 100:1. In some embodiments, it may be critical that the second intermediate gear ratio is greater than 5:1 to increase the velocity of the second flywheel to increase its angular momentum.

The drive chain has a total gear ratio from the hub to the second flywheel. The total gear ratio may be the difference in rotational velocity between the hub and the second flywheel (e.g., the second flywheel rotational speed (SF) to the hub rotational speed (HRS); SF:HRSS). In some embodiments, the total gear ratio may be in a range having an upper value, a lower value, or upper and lower values including any of 25:1, 50:1, 100:1, 150:1, 200:1, 250:1, 300:1, 350:1, 400:1, 450:1, 500:1, 600:1, 700:1, 800:1, 900:1, 1,000:1, or any value therebetween. For example, the total gear ratio may be greater than 25:1. In another example, the total gear ratio may be less than 1,000:1. In yet other examples, the total gear ratio may be any value in a range between 25:1 and 1,000:1. In some embodiments, it may be critical that the total gear ratio is greater than 500:1 to increase the velocity of the second flywheel to increase its angular momentum.

In some embodiments, the second flywheel has a maximum rotational speed. The maximum rotational speed may be related to the angular momentum of the drive chain. Increasing the maximum rotational speed, the angular momentum of the system may be increased. In some embodiments, the maximum rotational speed may be in a range having an upper value, a lower value, or upper and lower values including any of 1,000 RPM, 2,500 RPM, 5,000 RPM, 7,500 RPM, 10,000 RPM, 15,000 RPM, 20,000 RPM, 25,000 RPM, 30,000 RPM, 35,000 RPM, 40,000 RPM, 45,000 RPM, 50,000 RPM, 60,000 RPM, 70,000 RPM, 80,000 RPM, 90,000 RPM, 100,000 RPM, or any value therebetween. For example, the maximum rotational speed may be greater than 1,000 RPM. In another example, the maximum rotational speed may be less than 100,000 RPM. In yet other examples, the maximum rotational speed may be any value in a range between 1,000 RPM and 100,000 RPM. In some embodiments, it may be critical that the maximum rotational speed is greater than 50,000 RMP to maintain an operating angular momentum.

In some embodiments, the first flywheel and/or the second flywheel have a flywheel diameter. In some embodiments, the flywheel diameter may be in a range having an upper value, a lower value, or upper and lower values including any of 1 in. (2.5 cm), 2 in. (5.1 cm), 3 in. (7.6 cm), 4 in. (10.2 cm), 5 in. (12.7 cm), 6 in. (15.2 cm), 7 in. (17.8 cm), 8 in. (20.3 cm), 9 in. (22.9 cm), 10 in. (25.4 cm), 11 in. (27.9 cm), 12 in. (30.5 cm), 15 in. (38.1 cm), 18 in. (45.7 cm), or any value therebetween. For example, the flywheel diameter may be greater than 1 in. (2.5 cm). In another example, the flywheel diameter may be less than 18 in. (45.7 cm). In yet other examples, the flywheel diameter may be any value in a range between 1 in. and 18 in. (45.7 cm). In some embodiments, it may be critical that the flywheel diameter is less than 12 in. to fit inside the support tube.

In some embodiments, the exercise device may include a resistance mechanism. The resistance mechanism may apply resistance to rotation to one or both of the first flywheel or the second flywheel. The resistance may be applied to the flywheels to increase the force a user may apply to the pedal to rotate the drive chain. The resistance may be applied in a pattern according to an exercise program to vary the force the user may apply to the pedal and/or the drive chain. The resistance mechanism may be any tope of resistance mechanism, including a friction-based resistance mechanism, a brake, a magnetic resistance mechanism, a fluid-based resistance mechanism, any other resistance mechanism, and combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, an exercise device has multiple flywheels, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The exercise device includes a seat tube supporting a seat and connected to a base. A support tube supports a console and is connected to the base. A plurality of flywheels are located inside the support tube and connected to a drive chain. The drive chain includes a hub that is rotated by an input torque from a user applied to a pedal and crank. The motor may be connected to the drive chain with a motor connection.

In some embodiments, the exercise device may include more than two flywheels. For example, the exercise device includes a first flywheel, a second flywheel, and a third flywheel. The flywheels may be connected by multiple drive elements. For example, the hub may be connected to the first flywheel with a first drive element, the first flywheel may be connected to the second flywheel with a second drive element, and the second flywheel may be connected to the third flywheel with a third drive element. Each of the flywheels may be connected to the next with a gear ratio, causing subsequent flywheels in the drive chain to rotate faster than earlier flywheels in the drive chain. This may allow for additional angular momentum to be stored in the drive chain. In some embodiments, additional flywheels may allow for the maximum flywheel speed to be achieved with lower gear ratios between adjacent flywheels.

In some embodiments, a method for exercise may include receiving an input torque at an exercise device. In some embodiments, the input torque may be applied at a drive gear. In some embodiments, the input torque may be a torque applied by a pedal and crank connected to a drive gear on a drive chain, such as from an electric bicycle. In some embodiments, the input torque may be applied by the extension of a cable on a cable operated exercise device.

The method includes transferring the input torque from the drive gear to a first flywheel. The first flywheel may be located in a support tube of an exercise device. For example, the first flywheel may have a small diameter and located in a support tube of the exercise device. The input torque that was transferred to the first flywheel may be transferred to a second flywheel. The second flywheel may be located in the support tube.

Following are sections in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure:

-   A1.A stationary bicycle, comprising:     -   a support tube;     -   a pedal;     -   a drivetrain connected to the pedal;     -   a motor located in the support tube, the motor being directly         connected to the drive chain;     -   a torque monitoring system connected to the motor; and     -   a position monitoring system connected to the motor. -   A2.The stationary bicycle of section A1, wherein the motor is a     3-phase motor. -   A3.The stationary bicycle of section A1 or A2, the motor being     connected to the drivetrain to apply a torque to the drivetrain. -   A4.The stationary bicycle of any of sections A1-A3, the motor being     configured to apply the torque in a first direction and a second     direction. -   A5.The stationary bicycle of any of sections A1-A4, the position     monitoring system having a position measurement precision of at     least 36 measurements per revolution. -   A6.The stationary bicycle of any of sections A1-A5, the position     monitoring system having a position measurement precision of at     least 240 measurements per revolution. -   A7.The stationary bicycle of any of sections A1-A6, the position     monitoring system having a position measurement precision of at     least 360 measurements per revolution. -   A8.The stationary bicycle of any of sections A1-A7, the position     monitoring system having a position measurement precision of at     least 720 measurements per revolution. -   A9.The stationary bicycle of any of sections A1-A7, further     comprising a generator connected to the drive chain. -   A10. The stationary bicycle of section A9, the generator providing     power to the motor. -   A11. The stationary bicycle of any of sections A1-A10, further     comprising a battery connected to the motor. -   A12. The stationary bicycle of section A11, further comprising a     generator connected to the drive chain, the generator providing     charging power to the battery. -   A13. The stationary bicycle of any of sections A1-A12, further     comprising a fan assembly connected to the drive chain. -   A14. The stationary bicycle of section A13, the fan assembly being     located in the support tube. -   A15. The stationary bicycle of section A13 or A14, the fan assembly     providing resistance to the drive chain. -   A16. The stationary bicycle of any of sections A13-A15, the fan     assembly being connected to the motor. -   A17. The stationary bicycle of any of sections A13-A16, the fan     assembly including a louver to direct air to a user. -   A18. The stationary bicycle of section A17, a speed of the directed     air being associated with a motor power of the motor. -   A19. The stationary bicycle of section A17 or A18, a speed of the     directed air being associated with a resistance applied to the drive     train. -   A20. The stationary bicycle of Section A19, the speed of the     directed air being inversely related to the resistance applied to     the drive chain. -   B1. A method for exercise, comprising:     -   applying an input torque to a drive chain, the input torque         including user input; and     -   using a motor, applying a supplemental torque to the drive         chain, the supplemental torque being applied in the same         direction as the input torque, the motor being directly         connected to the drive chain. -   B2. The method of section B1, wherein the motor is a 3-phase motor. -   B3. The method of section B1 or B2, wherein applying the input     torque includes applying the input torque through a pedal connected     to the drive chain. -   B4. The method of any of sections B1-B3, wherein applying the input     torque includes applying the input torque through a cable connected     to a handle. -   B5. The method of section B4, wherein applying the input torque     through the cable includes extending the cable, the cable being     wrapped around a drive element. -   B6. The method of section B5, wherein extending the cable includes     applying an extension force. -   B7. The method of any of sections B1-B6, wherein the supplemental     torque reduces a minimum extension force to extend the cable. -   B8. The method of section B7, wherein the minimum extension force is     between 2 lb. and 10 lb. -   B9. The method of any of sections B7-B8, wherein the minimum     extension force is approximately 2 lb. -   B10. The method of any of sections B1-B9, wherein applying the input     torque includes applying the input torque to a flywheel. -   B11. The method of any of sections B1-B10, wherein applying the     supplemental torque includes applying the supplemental torque to a     flywheel. -   B12. The method of any of sections B1-B11, wherein applying the     supplemental torque includes applying the supplemental torque to     overcome friction forces in the drive chain. -   B13. The method of section B12, wherein applying the supplemental     torque overcomes all friction forces in the drive chain. -   B14. The method of section B13, wherein applying the supplemental     torque to overcome all the friction forces in the drive chain     includes simulating a free wheel hub on a bicycle. -   B15. The method of any of sections B1-B14, further comprising:     -   measuring a first torque on the drive chain at a first time; and     -   determining a first motor position of the motor at the first         time. -   B16. The method of section B15, wherein determining the first motor     position includes determining the first motor position to within     between 36° and 0.5°. -   B17. The method of section B15 or B16, further comprising adjusting     the supplemental torque based at least in part on the first torque     and the first motor position. -   B18. The method of section B17, wherein adjusting the supplemental     torque includes increasing the supplemental torque. -   B19. The method of section B17 or B18, wherein adjusting the     supplemental torque includes decreasing the supplemental torque. -   B20. The method of any of sections B17-B19, wherein adjusting the     supplemental torque includes adjusting the supplemental torque to     simulate a road condition of riding a bicycle. -   B21. The method of any of sections B17-B20, wherein adjusting the     supplemental torque includes adjusting the supplemental torque until     the motor reaches a pre-determined second position. -   B22. The method of any of sections B1-B21, wherein applying the     supplemental torque includes applying the supplemental torque based     on power generated by applying the first torque. -   B23. The method of any of sections B1-B22, wherein applying the     supplemental torque includes applying the supplemental torque based     on power supplied by a battery. -   B24. The method of any of sections B1-B23, wherein applying the     input torque and the supplemental torque include rotating a fan in a     tube of a stationary bicycle. -   B25. The method of section B24, further comprising generating an     airflow with the fan, a velocity of the airflow being based, at     least in part, on a rotational speed of the fan. -   B26. The method of section B25, further comprising directing at     least a portion of the airflow to a user operating the stationary     bicycle. -   B27. The method of section B26, wherein directing the portion of the     airflow includes directing the portion of the airflow based on     simulated conditions of a simulated activity. -   B28. The method of section B26-B27, wherein directing the portion of     the airflow includes adjusting the velocity of the airflow based on     a simulated speed of the stationary bicycle. -   B29. The method of any of sections B26-B28, wherein directing the     portion of the airflow includes adjusting the velocity of the     airflow independently of a pedal speed the stationary bicycle. -   B30. The method of any of sections B26-B29, wherein directing the     portion of the airflow includes directing the portion of the airflow     to a portion of the user’s body based on simulated exercise     conditions. -   C1. A method for exercise, comprising:     -   at a first time, applying a supplemental torque to a drive chain         using a motor;     -   at the first time, receiving user input to apply an input torque         to the drive chain, the input torque causing the drive chain to         rotate, the input torque adjusting a motor position of the         motor; and     -   between the first time and a second time, adjusting the         supplemental torque in a pattern to simulate an exercise         condition. -   C2. The method of section C1, wherein the motor is a 3-phase motor. -   C3. The method of section C1 or C2, further comprising measuring the     motor position of the motor and wherein adjusting the supplemental     torque in the pattern includes adjusting the supplemental torque     based on the measured motor position. -   C4. The method of any of sections C1-C3, wherein applying the     supplemental torque to the drive chain includes applying the     supplemental torque directly to the drive chain. -   C5. The method of any of sections C1-C4, wherein adjusting the     supplemental torque includes adjusting the input torque used to     rotate the drive chain. -   C6. The method of any of sections C1-C5, wherein the pattern     includes startup inertia. -   C7. The method of any of sections C1-C6, wherein the pattern     includes a simulation of free-weight mass. -   C8. The method of section C7, wherein adjusting the supplemental     torque includes adjusting the supplemental torque to simulate a     free-weight motion. -   C9. The method of any of sections C1-C8, wherein the pattern     includes a freewheel hub of a bicycle. -   C10. The method of section C9, wherein adjusting the supplemental     torque includes adjusting the supplemental torque between simulating     the freewheel hub and simulating a fixed wheel hub. -   C11. The method of any of sections C1-C10, wherein the pattern     includes a simulation of road conditions. -   C12. The method of section C11, wherein the simulation of road     conditions include bumps in a road. -   C13. The method of section C11 or C12, further comprising simulating     the road conditions. -   C14. The method of section C13, wherein simulating the road     conditions includes blowing an airflow across a user based on the     road conditions. -   C15. The method of any of sections C1-C14, further comprising     adjusting a tilt of an exercise device based on the simulated     exercise condition. -   C16. The method of any of sections C1-C15, wherein applying the     supplemental torque to the drive chain includes applying the     supplemental torque to a flywheel. -   C17. The method of any of sections C1-C16, wherein receiving the     user input includes receiving the user input to apply the input     torque to a flywheel. -   D1.A stationary bicycle, comprising:     -   a support tube;     -   a handlebar support;     -   a drive chain, the drive chain including:         -   a pedal;         -   a crank connected to the pedal;         -   a drive gear connected to the crank;         -   a first flywheel connected to the drive gear with a first             belt, the first flywheel being located in the support tube;             and         -   a second flywheel connected to the first flywheel with a             second belt, the second flywheel being located in the             support tube. -   D2.The stationary bicycle of section D1, wherein the first flywheel     is connected to the drive gear with a first gear ratio. -   D3. The stationary bicycle of section D2, the first gear ratio being     5:1. -   D4.The stationary bicycle of any of sections D1-D3, wherein the     second flywheel is connected to the first flywheel with a second     gear ratio. -   D5. The stationary bicycle of section D4, the second gear ratio     being 5:1. -   D6.The stationary bicycle of any of sections D1-D5, wherein a total     gear ratio between the drive gear and the second flywheel is 25:1. -   D7.The stationary bicycle of any of sections D1-D6, wherein the     drive gear is connected to the second flywheel through the first     flywheel. -   D8.The stationary bicycle of any of sections D1-D7, wherein the     first flywheel has a diameter of 6 in. -   D9.The stationary bicycle of any of sections D1-D8, wherein the     second flywheel has a diameter of 6 in. -   D10. The stationary bicycle of any of sections D1-D9, wherein an     entirety of the first flywheel and the second flywheel are located     in the support tube. -   D11. The stationary bicycle of any of sections D1-D10, wherein the     drive chain includes a resistance mechanism connected to the second     flywheel. -   D12. The stationary bicycle of any of sections D1-D11, wherein the     drive chain includes a resistance mechanism connected to the first     flywheel. -   D13. The stationary bicycle of any of sections D1-D12, further     comprising a motor connected to the drive chain. -   D14. The stationary bicycle of section D13, wherein the motor is     configured to apply a torque to the drive chain. -   D15. The stationary bicycle of section D14, wherein the motor is     configured to apply the torque to the drive chain in a pattern     simulating a road condition. -   E1. A drive chain for a stationary bicycle, comprising:     -   a pedal;     -   a crank;     -   a drive gear connected to the crank, the drive gear being         located in a support tube; and     -   a plurality of flywheels connected to the drive gear in the         support tube. -   E2. The drive chain of section E1, wherein the plurality of     flywheels are connected to the drive gear in series. -   E3. The drive chain of section E1 or E2, wherein the plurality of     flywheels are connected to the drive gear with a gear ratio of     greater than 1:1. -   E4. The drive chain of any of sections E1-E3, wherein the plurality     of flywheels are connected to the drive gear with a total gear ratio     of greater than 25:1. -   E5. The drive chain of any of sections E1-E4, wherein each of the     plurality of flywheels has a diameter of approximately 6 in. -   E6. The drive chain of any of sections E1-E5, further comprising a     resistance mechanism connected to at least one flywheel of the     plurality of flywheels. -   E7. The drive chain of section E6, wherein the resistance mechanism     includes a magnetic resistance mechanism. -   E8. The drive chain of section E6 or E7, wherein the resistance     mechanism includes a motor directly connected to the drive gear. -   E9. The drive chain of any of sections E1-E8, wherein the plurality     of flywheels are connected to each other with a plurality of belts. -   E10. The drive chain of any of sections E1-E9, further comprising a     belt tensioner connected to the plurality of belts. -   F1. A method for operating an exercise device, comprising:     -   receiving an input torque at a drive gear;     -   transferring the input torque from the drive gear to a first         flywheel located in a support tube of the exercise device; and     -   transferring the input torque from the first flywheel to a         second flywheel located in the support tube of the exercise         device. -   F2. The method of section F1, wherein transferring the input torque     from the drive gear to the first flywheel includes transferring the     torque with a gear ratio of at least 5:1. -   F3. The method of section F1 or F2, wherein transferring the input     torque from the first flywheel to the second flywheel includes     transferring the torque with a gear ratio of at least 5:1. -   F4. The method of any of sections F1-F3, wherein transferring the     input torque from the first flywheel to the second flywheel includes     rotating the second flywheel at a rotational rate of greater than     10,000 rpm.

One or more specific embodiments of the present disclosure are described herein. These described embodiments are examples of the presently disclosed techniques. Additionally, in an effort to provide a concise description of these embodiments, not all features of an actual embodiment may be described in the specification. It should be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous embodiment-specific decisions will be made to achieve the developers’ specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which may vary from one embodiment to another. Moreover, it should be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking of design, fabrication, and manufacture for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure.

The articles “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to mean that there are one or more of the elements in the preceding descriptions. The terms “comprising,” “including,” and “having” are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements other than the listed elements. Additionally, it should be understood that references to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” of the present disclosure are not intended to be interpreted as excluding the existence of additional embodiments that also incorporate the recited features. For example, any element described in relation to an embodiment herein may be combinable with any element of any other embodiment described herein. Numbers, percentages, ratios, or other values stated herein are intended to include that value, and also other values that are “about” or “approximately” the stated value, as would be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art encompassed by embodiments of the present disclosure. A stated value should therefore be interpreted broadly enough to encompass values that are at least close enough to the stated value to perform a desired function or achieve a desired result. The stated values include at least the variation to be expected in a suitable manufacturing or production process, and may include values that are within 5%, within 1%, within 0.1%, or within 0.01% of a stated value.

A person having ordinary skill in the art should realize in view of the present disclosure that equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and that various changes, substitutions, and alterations may be made to embodiments disclosed herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Equivalent constructions, including functional “means-plus-function” clauses are intended to cover the structures described herein as performing the recited function, including both structural equivalents that operate in the same manner, and equivalent structures that provide the same function. It is the express intention of the applicant not to invoke means-plus-function or other functional claiming for any claim except for those in which the words ‘means for’ appear together with an associated function. Each addition, deletion, and modification to the embodiments that falls within the meaning and scope of the claims is to be embraced by the claims.

The terms “approximately,” “about,” and “substantially” as used herein represent an amount close to the stated amount that still performs a desired function or achieves a desired result. For example, the terms “approximately,” “about,” and “substantially” may refer to an amount that is within less than 5% of, within less than 1% of, within less than 0.1% of, and within less than 0.01% of a stated amount. Further, it should be understood that any directions or reference frames in the preceding description are merely relative directions or movements. For example, any references to “up” and “down” or “above” or “below” are merely descriptive of the relative position or movement of the related elements.

The present disclosure may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the disclosure is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. Changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A stationary bicycle, comprising: a support tube; a pedal; a drive chain connected to the pedal; a 3-phase motor located in the support tube, the 3-phase motor being directly connected to the drive chain; a torque sensor connected to the 3-phase motor; and a position sensor connected to the 3-phase motor.
 2. The stationary bicycle of claim 1, the 3-phase motor being connected to the drive chain to apply a torque to the drive chain.
 3. The stationary bicycle of claim 2, the 3-phase motor being configured to apply the torque in a first direction and a second direction.
 4. The stationary bicycle of claim 1, the position sensor having a position measurement precision of at least 36 measurements per revolution.
 5. The stationary bicycle of claim 1, further comprising a battery connected to the 3-phase motor.
 6. The stationary bicycle of claim 5, further comprising a generator connected to the drive chain, the generator providing power to the battery.
 7. A method for exercise, comprising: applying an input torque to a drive chain, the input torque including user input; and using a 3-phase motor, applying a supplemental torque to the drive chain, the supplemental torque being applied in the same direction as the input torque, the 3-phase motor being directly connected to the drive chain.
 8. The method of claim 7, wherein applying the input torque includes applying the input torque through a pedal connected to the drive chain.
 9. The method of claim 7, wherein applying the input torque includes applying the input torque through a cable connected to a handle.
 10. The method of claim 9, wherein applying the input torque through the cable includes extending the cable, the cable being wrapped around a drive element.
 11. The method of claim 10, wherein extending the cable includes applying an extension force.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the supplemental torque reduces a minimum extension force to extend the cable.
 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the minimum extension force is between 2 lb. and 10 lb.
 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the minimum extension force is approximately 2 lb.
 15. The method of claim 7, further comprising: measuring a first torque on the drive chain at a first time; and determining a first motor position of the 3-phase motor at the first time.
 16. The method of claim 15, wherein determining the first motor position includes determining the first motor position to within between 36° and 0.5°.
 17. The method of claim 15, further comprising adjusting the supplemental torque based at least in part on the first torque and the first motor position.
 18. The method of claim 17, wherein adjusting the supplemental torque includes adjusting the supplemental torque to simulate a road condition of riding a bicycle.
 19. A method for exercise, comprising: at a first time, applying a supplemental torque to a drive chain using a 3-phase motor; at the first time, receiving user input to apply an input torque to the drive chain, the input torque causing the drive chain to rotate, the input torque adjusting a motor position of the 3-phase motor; and between the first time and a second time, adjusting the supplemental torque in a pattern to simulate an exercise condition.
 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising measuring the motor position of the 3-phase motor and wherein adjusting the supplemental torque in the pattern includes adjusting the supplemental torque based on the measured motor position. 